Marie has just learned that she has failed her mental health nursing class. She tells her friends, "I knew that instructor was going to fail me. She has never liked me and has just been looking for an excuse to fail me all along." Marie's behavior is an example of which defense mechanism?

Choice A reason: Emptying the drain device every shift is important to prevent infection and accumulation of fluid, which can impede healing.

Choice B reason: Minimizing use of the affected arm is not recommended; rather, gentle exercises to promote circulation and prevent lymphedema are usually encouraged.

Choice C reason: Measuring the circumference of both arms can be part of monitoring for lymphedema, but it is not the priority in immediate post-mastectomy care.

Choice D reason: Placing the affected arm below the level of the heart is not recommended as it can increase swelling; elevation is usually advised.

Choice A reason: Lying prone may be part of the care plan but is not specifically aimed at promoting ambulation.

Choice B reason: Coordination exercises are important but secondary to building the strength necessary for using mobility aids.

Choice C reason: Building upper body strength is essential for a patient who has had an above-the-knee amputation to be able to use assistive devices for ambulation effectively.

Choice D reason: Maintaining residual limb elevation is important for reducing swelling but does not directly promote ambulation.