Mike, a 27-year-old, reports difficulty in breathing and a "tight chest after being exposed to a strong odor. No wheezing is heard upon auscultation. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for Mike's symptoms?

Reflex bronchoconstriction

Mucociliary clearance system

Alveolar macrophages

Chemoreceptors respond to changes in PaCO2 and Ph

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Exposure to strong odors can trigger reflex bronchoconstriction, leading to symptoms like difficulty breathing and chest tightness, especially in individuals with hypersensitive airways.
B.   While the mucociliary clearance system plays a role in removing inhaled particles and irritants from the airways, it is not primarily responsible for acute symptoms like difficulty breathing.
C.   Alveolar macrophages are involved in phagocytosis and defense against inhaled particles and pathogens but are not directly involved in causing acute respiratory symptoms like bronchoconstriction.
D.   Chemoreceptors primarily regulate respiratory drive in response to changes in blood gases and pH but are not directly responsible for bronchoconstriction in response to odor exposure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Reflex bronchoconstriction is a defense mechanism that helps protect the airway during exposure to irritants or allergens, but it wouldn't typically lead to irritation and burning sensation.
B. The mucociliary clearance system, which helps remove particles and pathogens from the airway by moving mucus upward via ciliary action, is likely compromised in Emily, leading to accumulation of irritants and subsequent symptoms.
C. Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper respiratory tract and is not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
D. Alveolar macrophages are primarily involved in defense against pathogens in the alveoli of the lungs and are not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.

A. Monitor Sarah's dressing for excessive bleeding. B. Provide Sarah with a detailed diet plan. C. Assist Sarah with activities of daily living (ADLs) as needed. D. Administer antiemetics, analgesics, corticosteroids, and antibiotics as ordered.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. After Trabeculectomy surgery, it's crucial to monitor for bleeding at the surgical site to ensure proper wound healing and to prevent complications such as infection or hematoma.
B. While diet may be important for overall health, it is not the priority immediately following Trabeculectomy surgery.
C. ADL assistance may be required postoperatively, but it is not the priority in this case.

D. These medications may be prescribed postoperatively, but monitoring for excessive bleeding takes precedence to prevent complications.

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Mike, a 27-year-old, reports difficulty in breathing and a "tight chest after being exposed to a strong odor. No wheezing is heard upon auscultation. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for Mike's symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Emily, a 50-year-old woman with a past medical history of asthma and GERD, reports irritation and a burning sensation in her airway. Which of the following defense mechanisms is likely compromised?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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