Mr. Smart is an 80-year-old patient who goes to see his primary care physician for complaints of nocturia. What is the patient experiencing?
Painful urination.
Frequent urination at night.
Bladder incontinence.
An inability to void.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Painful urination, or dysuria, involves discomfort during voiding, often due to urinary tract infections or inflammation. It is not synonymous with nocturia, which specifically refers to frequent nighttime urination. Dysuria requires distinct clinical evaluation, including urinalysis, to identify causes like bacterial infection or urethral irritation, making this an incorrect description of the patient’s complaint.
Choice B reason: Nocturia is the medical term for frequent urination at night, disrupting sleep. In elderly patients, it may result from reduced bladder capacity, overactive bladder, or conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia. This matches the patient’s complaint, as it directly addresses the symptom without implying unrelated issues like pain or incontinence, making it the accurate choice.
Choice C reason: Bladder incontinence involves involuntary urine leakage, distinct from nocturia, which is voluntary urination at night. Incontinence may stem from neurological disorders or weakened pelvic muscles but does not describe the patient’s symptom of frequent nighttime voiding. This choice is incorrect, as it misaligns with the clinical presentation described.
Choice D reason: An inability to void, or urinary retention, is the opposite of nocturia, where the patient voids frequently. Retention may result from obstructions like an enlarged prostate or neurological issues, requiring catheterization or imaging for diagnosis. This choice does not reflect the patient’s symptom of active, frequent urination at night.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A blood pressure of 90/80 mmHg is below normal, indicating hypotension, especially with a low systolic value. Normal adult blood pressure, per guidelines, is around 120/80 mmHg. Low readings may suggest dehydration or cardiovascular issues, requiring evaluation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: A reading of 95/60 mmHg is hypotensive, with both systolic and diastolic values below normal ranges. Normal blood pressure is approximately 120/80 mmHg, per American Heart Association guidelines. Such low readings may indicate shock or autonomic dysfunction, rendering this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: A blood pressure of 180/60 mmHg is abnormal, with elevated systolic pressure indicating hypertension and a low diastolic value suggesting possible aortic regurgitation. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. This reading requires urgent assessment, making it an incorrect choice for normal adult values.
Choice D reason: A blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg is considered normal for adults, per current guidelines like those from the American Heart Association. It reflects balanced systolic and diastolic pressures, indicating healthy cardiovascular function without signs of hypertension or hypotension, making it the correct choice.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Assessment in the nursing process involves collecting subjective and objective data via interviews, physical exams, and observations to inform clinical judgments. This foundational step identifies patient needs, guiding subsequent planning. Accurate data collection ensures comprehensive care, preventing oversight of critical health issues and supporting effective diagnosis and intervention in clinical practice.
Choice B reason: Using problem-solving to prioritize outcomes and develop interventions describes the planning step, not assessment. Assessment focuses on data collection, not goal-setting. Assuming this misaligns with the nursing process, risking premature intervention without thorough data, which could lead to ineffective care plans or missed health issues in patient management.
Choice C reason: Assessing goal effectiveness and adjusting interventions pertains to the evaluation step, not assessment. Assessment gathers data to identify needs, not evaluate outcomes. Misidentifying this risks skipping data collection, leading to incomplete assessments and inappropriate interventions, compromising patient safety and care quality in the nursing process.
Choice D reason: Using clinical judgment to formulate problems is part of diagnosis, not assessment. Assessment collects raw data, while diagnosis analyzes it to identify issues. Assuming this conflates steps, risking incomplete data collection, which could result in inaccurate diagnoses and ineffective care plans, undermining the systematic approach of the nursing process.
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