Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
V – Trigeminal.
II – Optic.
I – Olfactory.
VIII – Vestibulocochlear.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The trigeminal nerve (V) controls facial sensation and chewing, not smell, which is governed by the olfactory nerve (I). Misidentifying this risks incorrect neurological assessment, potentially missing olfactory deficits indicating brain injury or tumors, critical for accurate diagnosis and management in patients with sensory complaints.
Choice B reason: The optic nerve (II) governs vision, not smell, which is the olfactory nerve’s function (I). Assuming optic involvement misguides cranial nerve assessment, risking oversight of olfactory dysfunction, which may signal neurological conditions like Parkinson’s or trauma, requiring targeted evaluation and intervention in clinical practice.
Choice C reason: The olfactory nerve (I) is responsible for the sense of smell, transmitting sensory input from the nasal mucosa to the brain. Accurate identification ensures proper neurological assessment, detecting deficits that may indicate trauma, tumors, or neurodegenerative diseases, guiding diagnosis and treatment in patients with smell-related complaints.
Choice D reason: The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) controls hearing and balance, not smell, which is the olfactory nerve’s role (I). Misidentifying this risks incorrect assessment, potentially overlooking olfactory issues signaling neurological pathology, delaying diagnosis and management critical for addressing sensory deficits in clinical neurological evaluations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Difficulty initiating urination, incomplete bladder emptying, and dribbling in a 75-year-old male, with likely prostate enlargement on rectal exam, indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH obstructs the urethra, common in aging men. Accurate diagnosis guides treatments like alpha-blockers, preventing complications like urinary retention or kidney damage in elderly patients.
Choice B reason: Urinary tract infections cause burning or cloudy urine, not primarily dribbling or initiation issues, which suggest BPH in older males. Assuming UTI risks missing prostate issues, delaying BPH treatment. This could lead to untreated obstruction, increasing risks of retention or infection, requiring distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Choice C reason: Stage 4 prostate cancer may cause urinary symptoms, but initiation difficulty and dribbling in older males typically indicate BPH, especially without systemic symptoms. Assuming cancer risks unnecessary invasive testing, delaying BPH management like medications, critical for relieving obstruction and improving quality of life in elderly patients.
Choice D reason: Renal disease causes systemic symptoms like edema or hypertension, not primarily urinary flow issues like dribbling, which point to BPH. Misdiagnosing as renal disease risks overlooking prostate obstruction, delaying treatments like tamsulosin, potentially worsening urinary retention or kidney strain in older males with BPH symptoms.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Normal blood pressure is <120/<80 mmHg, far below 148/92 mmHg, which is stage 2 hypertension per AHA guidelines. Assuming normal misclassifies the reading, risking untreated hypertension, leading to complications like stroke or heart failure. Accurate classification ensures proper management with lifestyle changes or medications.
Choice B reason: Stage 1 hypertension is 130-139/80-89 mmHg, lower than 148/92 mmHg, which is stage 2. Misclassifying as stage 1 underestimates severity, potentially delaying aggressive treatment like dual antihypertensives. Correct staging ensures timely intervention, critical for preventing cardiovascular damage in patients with elevated blood pressure readings.
Choice C reason: Stage 2 hypertension, per AHA, is ≥140/≥90 mmHg, matching 148/92 mmHg. This requires immediate lifestyle changes and likely medications to prevent cardiovascular events. Accurate classification guides treatment, ensuring blood pressure control, reducing risks of stroke, heart attack, or kidney damage in patients with significant hypertension.
Choice D reason: Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/<80 mmHg, below 148/92 mmHg, which is stage 2 hypertension. Assuming elevated underestimates the condition, risking inadequate intervention and progression to organ damage. Correct classification ensures appropriate management, critical for controlling hypertension and preventing long-term complications in affected patients.
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