A nurse is teaching the guardian of a newborn about car seat safety. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?

 

Choice A reason: Disconnecting the tubing to obtain urinary samples increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the catheter system, promoting UTIs. Sterile technique, such as using a sampling port, is preferred to maintain a closed system and minimize contamination, making this action inappropriate for reducing infection risk in catheterized clients.

Choice B reason: Securing the catheter to the thigh prevents movement and traction, reducing irritation to the urethra and bladder, which can predispose to bacterial entry. Proper anchoring maintains a closed drainage system, minimizing UTI risk by ensuring urine flows freely and reducing mucosal trauma, making this the correct action.

Choice C reason: Keeping the urinary bag at bladder level during ambulation can cause urine backflow, increasing UTI risk by allowing stagnant urine to harbor bacteria. The bag must remain below bladder level to ensure gravity-dependent drainage, making this action incorrect for infection prevention in catheter care.

Choice D reason: Looping the tubing below the collection bag disrupts gravity-dependent urine flow, causing pooling and potential backflow, which fosters bacterial growth and UTIs. Tubing should be kept straight and the bag below the bladder, making this action detrimental to infection prevention in catheterized clients.

Choice A reason:
A high-pressure alarm indicates increased resistance in the ventilator circuit—most often from secretions, mucus plugs, or patient factors (coughing, biting the tube). Performing endotracheal suctioning removes these obstructions, lowers peak inspiratory pressures, and restores effective ventilation quickly.

Choice B reason:
Requesting a tracheostomy is neither an immediate nor routine response to a high-pressure alarm. Tracheostomy insertion is a planned procedure for long-term airway management, not an acute fix for circuit resistance or secretion buildup.

Choice C reason:
Inspecting the cuff for leaks addresses low-pressure or disconnection alarms, not high-pressure ones. A cuff leak would decrease circuit pressure, triggering a low-pressure alarm, whereas high pressure signals an obstruction or reduced lung compliance.

Choice D reason:
Tightening tubing connections likewise targets leaks or disconnections (low-pressure issues). In a high-pressure situation, the problem lies downstream—increased airway resistance—so securing loose tubing won’t resolve the alarm.