A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply)

Facial edema

Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine

Weight loss

Frothy appearing urine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A reason:

Facial edema is a common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome in children. This occurs due to the retention of fluid in the tissues, which is a result of the kidneys leaking protein into the urine (proteinuria). The loss of protein reduces the oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, particularly noticeable around the eyes and face.

Choice B Reason:

Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. This symptom is more indicative of hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria is more commonly seen in conditions such as glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome.

Choice C Reason:

Weight loss is not a characteristic symptom of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, children with nephrotic syndrome often experience weight gain due to fluid retention. The accumulation of fluid in the body can lead to an increase in weight, rather than a loss.

Choice D Reason:

Frothy appearing urine is a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome. The frothiness is due to the high levels of protein being excreted in the urine (proteinuria). When protein is present in the urine, it can cause the urine to appear foamy or frothy.

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Correct Answer is ["3600"]

Explanation

Step-by-Step Calculation:

Step 1: Determine the amount of ORS needed per kg for moderate dehydration.

Moderate dehydration requires 100 mL of ORS per kg.

Step 2: Calculate the total amount of ORS needed.

Child’s weight = 36 kg
Amount of ORS per kg = 100 mL

Step 3: Multiply the child’s weight by the amount of ORS per kg.

36 kg × 100 mL/kg = 3600 mL

Step 4: Convert the total amount of ORS from mL to cups.

1 cup = 240 mL
Total ORS needed = 3600 mL

Step 5: Divide the total ORS needed by the amount of mL in one cup.

3600 mL ÷ 240 mL/cup = 15 cups

Summary:

The child will need 3600 mL (or 15 cups) of ORS within 4 hours.

A. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) B. Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric C. Clear liquids D. Adsorbents, such as kaolin and pectin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the first-line treatment for children with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration. ORS contains a precise balance of electrolytes and glucose, which helps to rehydrate the child effectively by promoting the absorption of water and electrolytes in the intestines. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend ORS as the preferred treatment for dehydration caused by diarrhea. It is effective, easy to administer, and can be given at home or in a healthcare setting.

Choice B reason:

Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric are not recommended for children with acute diarrhea. These medications can slow down the movement of the intestines, which may prolong the infection and increase the risk of complications. Additionally, they do not address the underlying cause of dehydration. The primary goal in managing acute diarrhea is to rehydrate the child, which is best achieved with ORS.

Choice C reason:

Clear liquids, such as water, broth, or diluted fruit juices, can be used to provide some hydration, but they do not contain the necessary electrolytes to effectively treat moderate dehydration. Clear liquids alone are not sufficient to replace the lost electrolytes and fluids caused by diarrhea. ORS is specifically formulated to address these needs and is more effective in rehydrating the child.

Choice D reason:

Adsorbents, such as kaolin and pectin, are not recommended for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. These substances can bind to the contents of the intestines and may reduce the frequency of stools, but they do not address the underlying dehydration. The primary focus should be on rehydration with ORS, which provides the necessary electrolytes and fluids to restore the child’s hydration status.

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A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A child weighing 36 kg is in moderate dehydration. Calculate the amount of ORS this child will need within 4 hours in mL. (Do not enter units)

Correct Answer is ["3600"]

Explanation

Which therapeutic management should the nurse prepare to initiate first for a child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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