A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply)
Facial edema
Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine
Weight loss
Frothy appearing urine
Correct Answer : A,D
Choice A reason:
Facial edema is a common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome in children. This occurs due to the retention of fluid in the tissues, which is a result of the kidneys leaking protein into the urine (proteinuria). The loss of protein reduces the oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, particularly noticeable around the eyes and face.
Choice B Reason:
Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. This symptom is more indicative of hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria is more commonly seen in conditions such as glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome.
Choice C Reason:
Weight loss is not a characteristic symptom of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, children with nephrotic syndrome often experience weight gain due to fluid retention. The accumulation of fluid in the body can lead to an increase in weight, rather than a loss.
Choice D Reason:
Frothy appearing urine is a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome. The frothiness is due to the high levels of protein being excreted in the urine (proteinuria). When protein is present in the urine, it can cause the urine to appear foamy or frothy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Weight gain is not a primary concern in the management of hypothyroidism in infancy. While hypothyroidism can lead to weight gain due to a slower metabolism, the more critical issue is the impact on brain development. Early and adequate treatment of hypothyroidism is essential to prevent intellectual disabilities and ensure normal neurocognitive outcomes.
Choice B Reason:
Rapid gut motility and diarrhea are not typical symptoms of hypothyroidism. In fact, hypothyroidism is more commonly associated with constipation due to a slower metabolism. Therefore, this choice is not relevant to the prompt management of hypothyroidism in infancy.
Choice C Reason:
Infancy is indeed a critical period for brain development. Untreated hypothyroidism during this time can lead to severe intellectual disabilities and developmental delays. Early diagnosis and treatment with thyroid hormone replacement are crucial to ensure normal brain development and cognitive function.
Choice D Reason:
Hyperactivity and irritability are not common symptoms of hypothyroidism. In fact, hypothyroidism often leads to lethargy and decreased activity levels. Therefore, this choice is not relevant to the prompt management of hypothyroidism in infancy.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is c. “My toes feel like they are sleeping and won’t wiggle when I tell them to.”
Choice A reason:
“Watch how well I blow these bubbles” is not a concerning statement. It indicates that the child is engaging in normal activities and is not experiencing any distress related to the cast or the injury.
Choice B Reason:
“My skin is so itchy under there” is a common complaint among children with casts. Itchiness can be managed with appropriate care, such as using a hair dryer on a cool setting to blow air under the cast. However, it is not an immediate cause for concern.
Choice C Reason:
“My toes feel like they are sleeping and won’t wiggle when I tell them to” is a concerning statement. This could indicate nerve compression or impaired circulation, which are serious complications that require immediate medical attention. Prompt evaluation is necessary to prevent permanent damage.
Choice D Reason:
“I was able to ride on the scooter with the PT person’s help” is not a concerning statement. It suggests that the child is participating in physical therapy and is able to move with assistance, which is a positive sign of recovery.
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