The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Your child’s diet will consist of low-fat, low-carbohydrate foods.

You will need to decrease the number of calories in your child’s diet.

You will need to avoid adding salt to your child’s food.

Your child’s diet will need an increased amount of protein.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

A diet consisting of low-fat, low-carbohydrate foods is not specifically recommended for managing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. While a balanced diet is important, the primary dietary focus should be on reducing sodium intake to prevent fluid retention and manage edema. Therefore, this choice is not the most appropriate recommendation.

Choice B reason:

Decreasing the number of calories in the child’s diet is not a primary recommendation for managing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. The focus should be on reducing sodium intake rather than calorie restriction. Adequate nutrition is essential for the child’s overall health and recovery1. Therefore, this choice is not the most appropriate recommendation.

Choice C reason:

Avoiding adding salt to the child’s food is a key recommendation for managing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Sodium can lead to water retention, which can worsen edema and increase blood pressure. A low-sodium diet helps to reduce fluid retention and manage the symptoms of glomerulonephritis. This is the most appropriate dietary recommendation for managing severe edema in this condition.

Choice D reason:

Increasing the amount of protein in the child’s diet is not recommended for managing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis1. In fact, protein intake may need to be monitored and possibly restricted to prevent the buildup of waste products in the blood1. The primary dietary focus should be on reducing sodium intake to manage edema. Therefore, this choice is not the most appropriate recommendation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bilious vomiting and constipation are not typical manifestations of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Bilious vomiting, which is green or yellow, indicates that the vomit contains bile and is usually associated with intestinal obstruction beyond the stomach. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically causes non-bilious, projectile vomiting because the obstruction is at the pylorus, before the bile duct.

Choice B reason:

Abdominal distention and currant jelly-like stools are not indicative of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Currant jelly-like stools are a classic sign of intussusception, a different condition where part of the intestine telescopes into itself. While abdominal distention can occur in pyloric stenosis, the presence of currant jelly-like stools points to a different diagnosis.

Choice C reason:

A rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds can be seen in various gastrointestinal conditions but are not specific to hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. While a rounded abdomen may be present due to gastric distention, hypoactive bowel sounds are not a hallmark of this condition. The primary symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting.

Choice D reason:

Ravenously hungry after vomiting is a classic manifestation of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Infants with this condition often vomit forcefully after feeding and then appear hungry again because the food does not pass through the pylorus into the intestines. This symptom, along with projectile vomiting, is a key indicator of pyloric stenosis.

A. Bacteriuria and facial edema B. Hematuria and pallor C. Proteinuria and muscle cramps D. Oliguria and hypertension

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bacteriuria, or the presence of bacteria in the urine, is not a primary clinical manifestation of acute renal failure. While facial edema can occur due to fluid retention, bacteriuria is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections. Acute renal failure primarily affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and regulate fluid and electrolytes, leading to symptoms such as oliguria and hypertension.

Choice B reason:

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can be a symptom of various kidney conditions, but it is not a primary manifestation of acute renal failure1. Pallor, or paleness, can occur due to anemia, which may be a secondary complication of chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure. The primary symptoms of acute renal failure are related to the sudden decline in kidney function, such as oliguria and hypertension.

Choice C reason:

Proteinuria, or the presence of excess protein in the urine, is more commonly associated with chronic kidney disease or nephrotic syndrome rather than acute renal failure. Muscle cramps can occur due to electrolyte imbalances, but they are not primary manifestations of acute renal failure. The primary symptoms of acute renal failure include oliguria and hypertension.

Choice D reason:

Oliguria, or reduced urine output, and hypertension, or high blood pressure, are primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure. Acute renal failure results in a sudden decline in kidney function, leading to the retention of waste products and fluids, which can cause oliguria and hypertension. These symptoms are key indicators of acute renal failure and require prompt medical attention.

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The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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