A neonate born with ambiguous genitalia is diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This is an autosomal recessive disorder which causes an overproduction of:
Androgens
Vitamin K
Gonadotropin
Vitamin D
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is a) Androgens.
Choice A reason:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of genetic disorders affecting the adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing vital hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. In CAH, there is a deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase, which is crucial for the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone. As a result, the adrenal glands overproduce androgens, leading to symptoms such as ambiguous genitalia in newborns, early puberty, and rapid growth. Androgens are male sex hormones, including testosterone, which play a significant role in the development of male characteristics.
Choice B reason:
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone health. It is not related to the overproduction of hormones in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders, but it does not cause the symptoms associated with CAH, such as ambiguous genitalia or early puberty. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice C reason:
Gonadotropins are hormones produced by the pituitary gland that stimulate the gonads (ovaries and testes) to produce sex hormones and gametes (eggs and sperm). While gonadotropins play a role in sexual development and reproduction, they are not overproduced in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The primary issue in CAH is the overproduction of androgens due to enzyme deficiencies in the adrenal glands. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice D reason:
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for calcium absorption and bone health. It is not related to the overproduction of hormones in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to bone disorders such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, but it does not cause the symptoms associated with CAH. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Wearing cotton underpants is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls. Cotton is a breathable fabric that allows air to circulate, reducing moisture and creating an environment less conducive to bacterial growth. This helps to keep the genital area dry and clean, which is important in preventing UTIs.
Choice B reason:
Limiting trips to the bathroom is not recommended for preventing UTIs. In fact, it is important for young girls to urinate frequently to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection. Therefore, encouraging regular bathroom trips is a better practice for preventing UTIs.
Choice C reason:
Decreasing salt intake is not directly related to preventing UTIs. While a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific evidence linking salt intake to the prevention of urinary tract infections. The focus should be on practices that directly reduce the risk of bacterial growth and infection in the urinary tract.
Choice D reason:
Soaking in a bathtub, especially with bubble baths or perfumed soaps, can increase the risk of UTIs. These substances can irritate the urethra and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. It is better to avoid prolonged baths with such products and instead opt for quick showers to maintain hygiene without increasing the risk of infection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Walnuts are a source of protein and contain phenylalanine, an amino acid that individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) must limit in their diet. While nuts can be a healthy snack for most people, they are not suitable for those with PKU due to their high phenylalanine content. Therefore, walnuts are not the best choice for children with PKU.
Choice B reason:
Cow’s milk is another source of protein and contains significant amounts of phenylalanine. Dairy products, including milk, cheese, and yogurt, are generally high in protein and should be avoided by individuals with PKU. Consuming cow’s milk can lead to elevated levels of phenylalanine in the blood, which can be harmful to children with PKU.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are a fruit that contains very low levels of phenylalanine. Fruits and vegetables are generally safe for individuals with PKU as they are low in protein and phenylalanine. Bananas, in particular, are a good option for children with PKU as they provide essential nutrients without contributing to high phenylalanine levels.
Choice D reason:
Diet soda with aspartame should be avoided by individuals with PKU because aspartame is an artificial sweetener that contains phenylalanine. Consuming products with aspartame can lead to an increase in phenylalanine levels in the blood, which can be harmful to those with PKU. Therefore, diet soda with aspartame is not a suitable choice for children with PKU.
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