On arrival at the intensive care unit, a critically ill patient suffers respiratory arrest and is placed on mechanical ventilation. The physician orders pulse oximetry to monitor the patient’s arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) noninvasively. Which vital sign abnormality may alter pulse oximetry values?

Tachycardia

Hypotension

Tachypnea

Fever

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A: Tachycardia

Tachycardia, defined as a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute, can affect the accuracy of pulse oximetry readings. When the heart beats too quickly, it may not fill with enough blood between beats, leading to reduced perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues. However, while tachycardia can influence the readings, it is not the most significant factor compared to hypotension.

Choice B: Hypotension

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, significantly impacts pulse oximetry accuracy. When blood pressure is low, there is reduced perfusion to peripheral tissues, including the extremities where pulse oximeters are typically placed. This reduced perfusion can lead to inaccurate readings, as the device may not detect sufficient blood flow to measure oxygen saturation accurately. Hypotension is a critical factor that can alter pulse oximetry values, making it the most relevant choice.

Choice C: Tachypnea

Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, can affect oxygen levels in the blood but does not directly interfere with the pulse oximeter’s ability to measure oxygen saturation. While it indicates respiratory distress and can lead to hypoxemia, the pulse oximeter can still provide accurate readings unless accompanied by other factors like low perfusion.

Choice D: Fever

Fever can cause peripheral vasodilation, which might theoretically affect pulse oximetry readings by altering blood flow to the extremities. However, this effect is generally minimal compared to the impact of hypotension. Fever alone is unlikely to cause significant inaccuracies in pulse oximetry measurements.

Nursing Test Bank

Test Bank #1: RN Pharmacology Exams Test Bank #2: RN Medical-Surgical Exams Test Bank #3: RN Fundamentals Exams Test Bank #4: RN Maternal-Newborn Exams Test Bank #5: RN Anatomy and Physiology Exams Test Bank #6: RN Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Test Bank #7: RN Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Test Bank #9: RN Adult Health Test Bank #10: RN Dosage Calculation Test Bank #11: RN Community Health Exams Test Bank #12: RN Psychology Exams Test Bank #13: RN Nursing Care Of Children Test Bank #14: RN Foundations of Nursing Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Exam #1: RN Comprehensive predictor 2023 proctored exam Exam #2: Ati rn vati comprehensive predictor proctored exam Exam #3: Ati Rn Comprehensive Predictor Proctored Exam 2023 Exam #4: Rn Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Proctored Exam - St. Joseph Exam #5: RN Comprehensive Predictor Proctored Exam (National U CA San Diego) Exam #6: Ati rn comprehensive predictor 2023 retake proctored exam Exam #7: RN Hesi Exit Proctored Exam Exam #8: Hesi RN Exit proctored exam Exam #9: Hesi rn exit proctored exam Exam #10: Hesi Rn compass exit B proctored exam

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: No change to the heparin rate is not appropriate in this scenario. The normal range for PTT is generally between 25 to 35 seconds. However, for a client on heparin therapy, the target PTT is typically 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal range, which would be approximately 60 to 80 seconds. Since the client’s PTT is only 25 seconds, it indicates that the blood is clotting too quickly, and the heparin dose is insufficient.

Choice B reason: Decreasing the heparin rate would further reduce the anticoagulant effect, which is not advisable given the current PTT of 25 seconds. Lowering the heparin rate could increase the risk of thrombus formation and worsen the deep vein thrombosis (DVT) condition.

Choice C reason: Stopping heparin and starting warfarin is not an immediate solution. Warfarin takes several days to achieve its full anticoagulant effect, and during this transition period, the client would be at risk of clot formation. Heparin provides immediate anticoagulation, which is crucial in the acute management of DVT.

Choice D reason: Increasing the heparin rate is the correct action. The current PTT of 25 seconds is below the therapeutic range for a client on heparin therapy. Increasing the heparin rate will help achieve the desired anticoagulant effect, prolonging the PTT to the target range of 60 to 80 seconds.

A. Cool, clammy skin B. Respiratory rate 20 C. Flushing of the skin D. Hypotension E. Chest discomfort

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Cool, clammy skin is a common symptom in patients with atrial fibrillation, especially when the heart rate is very high. This symptom occurs due to decreased cardiac output, which leads to poor perfusion of the skin. When the heart is beating too fast, it doesn’t have enough time to fill properly, resulting in less blood being pumped out to the body. This can cause the skin to feel cool and clammy as the body tries to compensate for the reduced blood flow.

Choice B Reason:

Respiratory rate of 20 is within the normal range for adults, which is typically 12-20 breaths per minute. While it is important to monitor respiratory rate in patients with atrial fibrillation, a rate of 20 does not indicate any immediate distress or abnormality. Therefore, this choice is not particularly relevant to the assessment of a patient with a heart rate of 143 beats/min due to atrial fibrillation.

Choice C Reason:

Flushing of the skin is not a typical symptom associated with atrial fibrillation. Flushing can occur due to various reasons such as fever, anxiety, or certain medications, but it is not directly linked to the high heart rate or the irregular rhythm seen in atrial fibrillation. Therefore, this choice is not applicable in this context.

Choice D Reason:

Hypotension (low blood pressure) is a significant concern in patients with atrial fibrillation, especially when the heart rate is very high. The rapid heart rate can lead to decreased cardiac output, as the heart does not have enough time to fill properly between beats. This can result in lower blood pressure, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and fatigue. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial in managing patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent complications.

Choice E Reason:

Chest discomfort is a common symptom in patients with atrial fibrillation, particularly when the heart rate is very high. The irregular and rapid heart rate can cause the heart to work harder, leading to increased oxygen demand and potentially reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle. This imbalance can result in chest pain or discomfort, which is a warning sign that the heart is under stress. It is important to assess and address chest discomfort promptly to prevent further cardiac complications.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is on intravenous heparin to treat DVT in the right leg. The client’s most recent partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was 25 seconds. What order would the nurse anticipate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client with a heart rate of 143 beats/min with atrial fibrillation. Which assessment data will the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply:

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse administers amiodarone to a client with ventricular tachycardia. Which monitoring by the nurse is necessary with this drug? (Select all that apply)

A nurse in a PACU is assessing a client who has a newly created colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

The nurse is caring for a client immediately following a cardioversion. What nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)

The doctor orders dextrose 5% in water 1,000 mL to be infused over 8 hours. The IV tubing delivers 15 drops per milliliter. The nurse in charge should run the IV infusion at a rate of: NOTE: Enter ONLY THE NUMBER DO NOT enter the unit of measurement

The nurse is caring for a client who had a hemorrhagic stroke. Which assessment finding is the earliest sign of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) for this client?

A client with type II diabetes is scheduled to have a computed tomography (CT) scan with IV contrast of the brain to rule out a brain tumor. What health teaching would the nurse include?Your provider will obtain a signed consent from you prior to the completion of the CT scan.

What clinical manifestations does the nurse recognize would be associated with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism? Select all that apply.

A client with chronic lung disease is prescribed 40% oxygen via face mask. Which finding indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing oxygen toxicity? Select all that apply.