The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome.
Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?

Genitourinary system.

Reproductive system.

Gastrointestinal system.

Cardiovascular system.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While the genitourinary system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, it is not the most commonly affected body system. Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome. This can affect how their brain and body develop, leading to both physical and mental challenges.

Choice B rationale

The reproductive system is not the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome can have reproductive health issues, these are not as common as issues with other body systems.

Choice C rationale

The gastrointestinal system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, but it is not the most commonly affected body system. Some individuals with Down syndrome may experience gastrointestinal issues such as constipation or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Choice D rationale

The cardiovascular system is the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. Almost half of babies with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common type of congenital anomaly. CHD can lead to high blood pressure in the lungs, an inability of the heart to effectively and efficiently pump blood, and cyanosis (blue-tinted skin caused by reduced oxygen in the blood)3.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A bulging fontanel is a common sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants. The fontanels, or soft spots on an infant’s head, allow for brain growth. When there is increased pressure, as in conditions that cause increased ICP, it can cause the fontanels to bulge outwards.

Choice B rationale

Insomnia is not typically associated with increased ICP in infants. Changes in consciousness, such as irritability or lethargy, may be seen, but these are not the same as insomnia.

Choice C rationale

A low-pitched cry is not typically associated with increased ICP in infants. Changes in cry might occur, but they are not specific to increased ICP4.

Choice D rationale

A positive Babinski reflex is normal in infants up to about 12 months of age. It is not specifically associated with increased ICP4.

A. “My baby will be placed under special lights if the test is elevated.”. B. “Sometimes the test is repeated in the doctor’s office at the 2-week check-up.”. C. “My baby must take formula or breast milk before the test is done.”. D. “This test checks for a genetic disorder that can be corrected by diet.”.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The statement “My baby will be placed under special lights if the test is elevated” indicates a need for further teaching. This statement is incorrect because phototherapy (special lights) is not used to treat phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is a genetic disorder that results in the body’s inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. If left untreated, it can lead to intellectual disability and other serious health problems. The treatment for PKU involves a special diet that is low in phenylalanine. Therefore, the parent’s statement about using special lights for treatment indicates a misunderstanding about the nature of PKU and its treatment.

Choice B rationale

The statement “Sometimes the test is repeated in the doctor’s office at the 2-week check-up” is correct. PKU is usually diagnosed through a routine newborn screening test, and if the initial test results are positive or unclear, the test may be repeated.

Choice C rationale

The statement “My baby must take formula or breast milk before the test is done” is correct. For accurate results, the PKU test is done after the baby is 24 hours old and after the baby has had some protein in the diet.

Choice D rationale

The statement “This test checks for a genetic disorder that can be corrected by diet” is correct. PKU is a genetic disorder that can be managed with a special diet low in phenylalanine.

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The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome. Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from an 8-month-old infant who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about phenylketonuria (PKU) testing with the parent of a newborn.Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome.
Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?