The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome.
Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?
Genitourinary system.
Reproductive system.
Gastrointestinal system.
Cardiovascular system.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
While the genitourinary system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, it is not the most commonly affected body system. Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome. This can affect how their brain and body develop, leading to both physical and mental challenges.
Choice B rationale
The reproductive system is not the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome can have reproductive health issues, these are not as common as issues with other body systems.
Choice C rationale
The gastrointestinal system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, but it is not the most commonly affected body system. Some individuals with Down syndrome may experience gastrointestinal issues such as constipation or gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Choice D rationale
The cardiovascular system is the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. Almost half of babies with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common type of congenital anomaly. CHD can lead to high blood pressure in the lungs, an inability of the heart to effectively and efficiently pump blood, and cyanosis (blue-tinted skin caused by reduced oxygen in the blood)3.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Lethargy in a child who is 2 days postoperative following the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could indicate a serious problem such as shunt malfunction or infection, and should be the priority.
Choice B rationale
A respiratory rate of 20/min is within the normal range for a 4-year-old child and is not typically a cause for concern.
Choice C rationale
Lying flat on the unaffected side is not typically a cause for concern following ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.
Choice D rationale
A urine output of 50 mL in 2 hr is within the normal range for a 4-year-old child and is not typically a cause for concern.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Soft and flat fontanels are normal in healthy infants. In hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure causes bulging fontanels due to excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulation.
Choice B rationale: Proteinuria is a renal finding and not associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus affects the central nervous system, not kidney filtration or protein excretion.
Choice C rationale: Dilated scalp veins occur due to elevated intracranial pressure from cerebrospinal fluid buildup. Venous distension is a visible sign in infants with hydrocephalus.
Choice D rationale: Hypertension is not a typical sign of hydrocephalus in infants. The condition primarily presents with neurological and cranial changes, not systemic blood pressure elevation.
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