The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome.
Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?

Genitourinary system.

Reproductive system.

Gastrointestinal system.

Cardiovascular system.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While the genitourinary system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, it is not the most commonly affected body system. Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome. This can affect how their brain and body develop, leading to both physical and mental challenges.

Choice B rationale

The reproductive system is not the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome can have reproductive health issues, these are not as common as issues with other body systems.

Choice C rationale

The gastrointestinal system can be affected in individuals with Down syndrome, but it is not the most commonly affected body system. Some individuals with Down syndrome may experience gastrointestinal issues such as constipation or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Choice D rationale

The cardiovascular system is the most commonly affected body system in individuals with Down syndrome. Almost half of babies with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common type of congenital anomaly. CHD can lead to high blood pressure in the lungs, an inability of the heart to effectively and efficiently pump blood, and cyanosis (blue-tinted skin caused by reduced oxygen in the blood)3.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The ventrogluteal site is not typically used for immunizations in infants. This site is often used in older children and adults, but it is not the preferred site for infants due to their small muscle mass.

Choice B rationale

The deltoid site is not typically used for immunizations in infants. This site is often used in older children and adults, but it is not the preferred site for infants due to their small muscle mass.

Choice C rationale

The vastus lateralis is the preferred site for administering immunizations in infants. This muscle is located in the thigh and is large enough to accommodate the injection. It is also away from major nerves and blood vessels, making it a safe site for injections.

Choice D rationale

The dorsogluteal site is not recommended for immunizations in any age group. This site has a number of large blood vessels and nerves, as well as a layer of fat, which can make injections less effective and potentially harmful.

A. Apply lotion to the newborn’s skin twice per day. B. Monitor the newborn’s blood glucose level hourly. C. Encourage the newborn to breastfeed every 2 hr. D. Maintain the newborn in a prone position.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Applying lotion to the newborn’s skin twice per day is not necessary during phototherapy. The main goal of phototherapy is to reduce the level of bilirubin in the newborn’s blood. Applying lotion can interfere with the effectiveness of the light therapy and can cause the newborn’s skin to overheat.

Choice B rationale

Monitoring the newborn’s blood glucose level hourly is not necessary during phototherapy unless the newborn has a specific condition that requires close monitoring of blood glucose levels. Phototherapy does not directly affect blood glucose levels.

Choice C rationale

Encouraging the newborn to breastfeed every 2 hours is an important part of the care plan for a newborn undergoing phototherapy. Frequent feeding can help to promote the excretion of bilirubin through the newborn’s stool.

Choice D rationale

Maintaining the newborn in a prone position is not necessary during phototherapy. The newborn should be placed in a variety of positions to ensure that all areas of the skin are exposed to the light.

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The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome. Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?

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The nurse is providing care to a child with Down syndrome.
Which body system has the highest risk of congenital anomaly in a child with Down syndrome?