A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify the client is at

for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Metabolic Acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Metabolic Acidosis: Clients with COPD are more prone to respiratory acid-base imbalances rather than metabolic ones.

B. Respiratory Alkalosis: COPD is characterized by chronic retention of CO₂, leading to acidosis, not alkalosis.

C. Metabolic Alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis is not commonly associated with COPD.

D. Respiratory Acidosis: Clients with COPD are at risk for respiratory acidosis due to the retention of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which occurs when alveolar ventilation is impaired.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Reflex incontinence: Reflex incontinence occurs when the bladder muscle contracts and urine leaks out (often in large amounts) without any warning or urge. This is common in clients with nerve damage or spinal cord injuries, making it the correct answer.

B. Urge incontinence: Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by involuntary urine loss. It is often associated with an overactive bladder, not nerve damage.

C. Stress incontinence: Stress incontinence involves urine leakage during physical activity or exertion (e.g., coughing, sneezing) that increases abdominal pressure. It is not typically related to nerve damage.

D. Overflow incontinence: Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is unable to empty properly, leading to dribbling of urine. It is often seen in conditions where the bladder muscles are weak or there is an obstruction. While it can be related to nerve damage, reflex incontinence is more accurate for this scenario.

A. Apply friction when drying the client's skin. B. Use soap to clean the client's skin. C. Apply a barrier cream to the client's skin. D. Use hot water to clean the client's skin.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Apply friction when drying the client's skin. Friction can damage the skin, especially in clients with incontinence who are at risk for skin breakdown.

B. Use soap to clean the client's skin. Soap can be drying and irritating to the skin. pH-balanced cleansers are preferred to maintain skin integrity.

C. Apply a barrier cream to the client's skin. Barrier creams protect the skin from moisture, reducing the risk of skin breakdown and irritation from incontinence.

D. Use hot water to clean the client's skin. Hot water can dry out and damage the skin. Warm water should be used instead to gently clean the skin.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify the client is at

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has urinary leakage due to nerve damage following a spinal erd injury. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following types of urinary incontinence?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify the client is at

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