Neuropathy is nerve degeneration that results in delayed nerve conduction and impaired sensory function due to:
Thickening, sclerosis, obstruction, and ischemia of the vessels that supply nerve fibers.
Hyperglycemia
Thickening of blood.
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Neuropathy, particularly diabetic neuropathy, is often caused by the thickening, sclerosis (hardening), obstruction, and ischemia (reduced blood flow) of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves (vasa nervorum). This can lead to nerve degeneration, delayed nerve conduction, and impaired sensory function. Over time, high blood glucose levels can damage these small blood vessels, leading to neuropathy.
Choice B reason: While hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) is a major factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy, it is the resulting damage to the blood vessels supplying the nerves that directly causes the nerve degeneration and delayed conduction.
Choice C reason: Thickening of blood is not a direct cause of neuropathy. Neuropathy is more directly related to the damage and obstruction of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves.
Choice D reason: Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) does not cause neuropathy. In fact, the acute effects of hypoglycemia are typically neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Chronic nerve damage, as seen in neuropathy, is usually due to prolonged hyperglycemia and its effects on blood vessels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The most obvious and common clinical manifestation of kidney stones is severe pain, often described as excruciating and colicky. This pain is typically located in the back or side, just below the ribs, and may radiate to the lower abdomen and groin. The pain occurs as the stone moves through the urinary tract, causing irritation and blockage. This intense pain is often what prompts individuals to seek medical attention and is a hallmark symptom of kidney stones.
Choice B reason: Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, may occur as a secondary response to the severe pain caused by kidney stones, but it is not the primary clinical manifestation. Tachycardia can be a symptom of many other conditions and is not specific to kidney stones.
Choice C reason: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a direct manifestation of kidney stones. While there may be some association between kidney stone disease and hypertension, the primary symptom of kidney stones is pain, not elevated blood pressure.
Choice D reason: Edema, or swelling, is not a typical clinical manifestation of kidney stones. Edema is more commonly associated with conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, and certain vascular disorders. Kidney stones primarily cause pain and urinary symptoms rather than generalized swelling.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. This means that glucose cannot enter the cells efficiently, leading to high blood sugar levels. Additionally, there may be a suboptimal amount of insulin produced by the pancreas. Together, these factors contribute to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes.
Choice B reason: While individuals with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk for infections due to high blood sugar levels affecting immune function, infection itself is not the root cause of type 2 diabetes. The primary issue in type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.
Choice C reason: White blood cells (WBC) play a key role in the immune system. Type 2 diabetes does not primarily arise from issues with WBCs. However, high blood sugar levels can impair the function of WBCs, increasing the risk of infections in diabetic individuals.
Choice D reason: Red blood cells (RBC) are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Type 2 diabetes is not directly related to problems with RBCs. Instead, it is an issue with insulin and blood sugar regulation. While high blood sugar can affect various body functions, the primary problem lies in insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.
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