On assessment of the client's tongue, the client is unable to protrude the tongue and has poor strength on testing against resistance.
This would indicate dysfunction of which cranial nerve?

Optic nerve.

Abducens nerve.

Hypoglossal nerve.

Vestibulocochlear nerve.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

The optic nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Dysfunction in this nerve typically results in visual disturbances such as loss of vision, visual field defects, or difficulty in distinguishing colors. It does not control the movement or strength of the tongue.

Choice B rationale

The abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which is responsible for abducting the eye (moving it outward). Dysfunction in this nerve can lead to strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), double vision, or inability to move the eye outward. It does not affect tongue movement or strength.

Choice C rationale

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervates the muscles of the tongue, controlling its movement and strength. Dysfunction in this nerve can result in difficulty protruding the tongue, poor strength against resistance, and impaired speech or swallowing. Therefore, the symptoms described in the question indicate a dysfunction of the hypoglossal nerve.

Choice D rationale

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is responsible for hearing and balance. It transmits sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain. Dysfunction in this nerve can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, or balance problems. It does not control tongue movement or strength.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

"C" in the ABCDE criteria for assessing skin lesions stands for Color. This criterion refers to the variations in the color of the lesion, which could include shades of black, brown, tan, or even white, red, or blue. Uneven or multiple colors within a single lesion can be a warning sign of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Regularly checking the color of moles or spots on the skin is crucial for early detection of potential malignancies.

Choice B rationale

Characteristics are not part of the ABCDE criteria. The ABCDE criteria specifically stand for Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolving. These criteria are used by healthcare professionals to identify suspicious skin lesions that may need further evaluation or biopsy to rule out skin cancer. Focusing on these specific aspects helps in early detection and treatment of malignant skin conditions.

Choice C rationale

Crepitus is a term used to describe a crackling or grating sound or sensation, typically associated with bones or joints, and is not related to skin lesion assessment. Crepitus can be felt or heard in conditions such as arthritis, where the cartilage in the joints has worn away, causing bones to rub against each other. It is unrelated to the ABCDE criteria for skin lesions.

Choice D rationale

Coping methods are strategies used by individuals to manage stress, emotions, or adverse situations and have no relevance to the ABCDE criteria for skin lesions. Coping methods can include techniques like exercise, meditation, or talking to a therapist, but they do not pertain to the physical examination of skin lesions for signs of cancer.

A. The sides of the mouth are symmetric when the patient smiles. B. The patient's eyes move to the left, right, up, down, and obliquely during conversation. C. The patient's eyelids blink periodically. D. The patient moistens the lips with the tongue.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The sides of the mouth being symmetric when the patient smiles indicate intact function of the facial cranial nerve (CN VII). This nerve controls the muscles responsible for facial expressions, including smiling, frowning, and closing the eyes. Symmetry in these actions suggests that the facial nerve is functioning properly and that there is no nerve damage or weakness.

Choice B rationale

The patient's eyes moving to the left, right, up, down, and obliquely during conversation are functions of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), and abducens nerve (CN VI), not the facial cranial nerve (CN VII). These nerves work together to control the movements of the eye muscles, enabling the eyes to move in different directions and maintain proper alignment.

Choice C rationale

Periodic blinking of the eyelids involves the oculomotor nerve (CN III) and the facial nerve (CN VII). The oculomotor nerve controls the muscles that lift the eyelid, while the facial nerve controls the muscles that close the eyelid. Blinking is a coordinated action involving both nerves, but the observation alone is not sufficient to determine the integrity of CN VII.

Choice D rationale

The patient moistening the lips with the tongue involves the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), which controls the movements of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for the motor control of most of the tongue muscles, allowing for actions like licking the lips, speaking, and swallowing. It is not related to the facial cranial nerve (CN VII).

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On assessment of the client's tongue, the client is unable to protrude the tongue and has poor strength on testing against resistance.This would indicate dysfunction of which cranial nerve?

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Explanation

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Explanation

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On assessment of the client's tongue, the client is unable to protrude the tongue and has poor strength on testing against resistance.
This would indicate dysfunction of which cranial nerve?