The clinical diagnosis of dementia is based on
CT or MRI
Patient history and cognitive assessment
Brain biopsy
Electroencephalogram
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: While CT or MRI scans can be helpful in identifying structural changes in the brain associated with dementia, such as atrophy or the presence of strokes, they are not sufficient on their own to diagnose dementia. These imaging techniques are often used to rule out other causes of cognitive impairment and to support a clinical diagnosis, but they do not provide a complete picture of a patient's cognitive function.
Choice B reason: Patient history and cognitive assessment are the primary methods for diagnosing dementia. The clinical diagnosis is based on a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, including any changes in cognitive function, behavior, and daily living activities. Cognitive assessments, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), are used to evaluate memory, attention, language, and other cognitive abilities. These assessments help to determine the presence and severity of cognitive impairment and differentiate dementia from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Choice C reason: A brain biopsy is not a standard procedure for diagnosing dementia. It is an invasive procedure that involves taking a small sample of brain tissue for examination under a microscope. While it can provide definitive information about certain types of dementia, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, it is rarely used due to its invasiveness and associated risks.
Choice D reason: An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain. It can be useful in diagnosing certain neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, but it is not typically used to diagnose dementia. EEGs do not provide detailed information about cognitive function or the structural changes in the brain associated with dementia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: 3% Normal Saline (3% NaCl) is not appropriate for treating acute Diabetes insipidus because it is hypertonic and can exacerbate dehydration, which is a primary concern in DI.
Choice B reason: Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) is appropriate for treating acute Diabetes insipidus as it provides free water without electrolytes, helping to correct the water deficit without causing electrolyte imbalances.
Choice C reason: Lactated Ringer's (LR) is not suitable for treating acute Diabetes insipidus because it contains electrolytes that can worsen the electrolyte imbalance in DI patients.
Choice D reason: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) can be used for treating acute Diabetes insipidus but it is not the most appropriate choice as it does not provide free water, which is needed to address the water deficit in DI patients.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreasing blood glucose levels are not an indicator of effective therapy in patients with acute adrenal insufficiency. In fact, hypoglycemia is a common symptom of Addison's Disease due to insufficient cortisol production, and effective therapy would aim to normalize blood glucose levels, not decrease them further.
Choice B reason: Increasing serum potassium levels would indicate worsening of the condition rather than improvement. Hyperkalemia is a hallmark of Addison's Disease due to aldosterone deficiency, and effective therapy should decrease serum potassium levels, not increase them.
Choice C reason: Increasing serum sodium levels would indicate that the therapy is effective for acute adrenal insufficiency. Addison's Disease is characterized by hyponatremia due to aldosterone deficiency, and effective treatment aims to normalize sodium levels in the blood. An increase in serum sodium levels indicates that the treatment is correcting the underlying electrolyte imbalance.
Choice D reason: Decreasing serum chloride levels are not a specific indicator of effective therapy for Addison's Disease. Chloride levels are generally less affected and not a primary marker for assessing treatment efficacy. The main focus should be on correcting sodium and potassium imbalances.
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