Sara, a 27-year-old woman with no significant past medical history, presents with confusion and a brief loss of consciousness following a minor car accident. What is the most definitive indication that Sara has suffered a concussion?

She experiences headaches that last for several weeks after the incident.

Sara remembers every detail of the accident.

A CT scan shows no cerebral edema.

Sara's Glasgow Coma Scale score is 15.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Headaches are a common symptom of concussion but are not the most definitive indication since it can occur due to other causes.
B.   Sara remembering every detail of the accident does not exclude the possibility of a concussion, as some people may have intact memory despite having a brain injury.
C.   This indicates that there is no swelling or bleeding in the brain, which is a hallmark of concussion.
D.   While a GCS score of 15 suggests normal neurological function, it is not as definitive as a CT scan in ruling out cerebral edema or other brain injuries.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This describes the humoral immune response, where B lymphocytes produce antibodies against the virus.
B. This describes the systemic effects of inflammation, which can occur in both humoral and cell-mediated responses.
C. This accurately describes the cell-mediated immune response, where T lymphocytes directly target and kill infected cells.
D. The cell-mediated immune response can occur independently of changes in white blood cell (WBC) count.

A. Filtration of air B. Reflex bronchoconstriction C. Alveolar macrophages D. Cough reflex E. Cough reflex

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This mechanism helps to remove particles and microorganisms from the air before they enter the lungs but is not primarily responsible for removing pathogens already present in the lungs.

B. Bronchoconstriction typically occurs in response to irritants or allergens and is not directly involved in removing pathogens.
C. While alveolar macrophages play a role in immune defense within the lungs, they are not the primary mechanism for removing pathogens causing pneumonia.
D. The cough reflex is the body's primary mechanism for expelling pathogens and debris from the respiratory tract, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

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Sara, a 27-year-old woman with no significant past medical history, presents with confusion and a brief loss of consciousness following a minor car accident. What is the most definitive indication that Sara has suffered a concussion?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

While caring for a patient undergoing treatment for a viral infection, the nurse explains the differences between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Which statement accurately describes the cell-mediated immune response?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Henry, a 65-year-old man, is in the clinic for a routine check-up. During the assessment of his male genitalia, which position can Henry choose for the examination?

A 62-year-old man named John with a history of COPD is admitted for worsening shortness of breath. John's recent arterial blood gas (ABG) Indicates a PaCO2 level of 55 mmHg. Which of the following mechanisms is most compromised In John's respiratory system?

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Henry, an 80-year-old man, has had a closed head injury and was unconscious for 5 minutes. Which vital sign trend is most concerning?

Brian, a 58-year-old patient, is noted to have a decreased lung compliance during his pulmonary function tests. What does this suggest about the physiology of his respiration?