Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.
Inflicting mechanical damage on the antigen
Initiating the complement system
Emitting chemicals that modify the antigen's environment
Targeting the antigen's cellular nucleus
Constructing molecular chains to remove the antigen
Correct Answer : B,C
A. Antibodies don't typically cause physical damage to antigens.
B. Antibodies can initiate the complement system, which is a cascade of proteins that can lyse or opsonize antigens.
C. Antibodies can also emit chemicals that modify the antigen's environment, such as cytokines or histamine, which can attract other immune cells or cause inflammation.
D. Antibodies typically target specific proteins or structures on the antigen's surface, not the cellular nucleus.
E. This action doesn't accurately describe the function of antibodies.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Colorectal cancer could be a concern but is not the immediate concern when a patient presents with black, tarry stools, which typically indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
B. Antacids do not typically cause black, tarry stools.
C. Consuming too much fiber may cause changes in stool consistency but is not typically associated with black, tarry stools.
D. Black, tarry stools are often indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be serious and requires immediate medical attention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Tonsillitis presents with sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and inflamed tonsils, but it is not typically associated with ear pain, tenderness behind the ear, or a history of recurrent ear infections.
B. Allergic rhinitis typically presents with nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes, but it does not cause chronic ear pain or tenderness behind the ear.
C. Chronic ear pain, tenderness behind the ear, and a history of recurrent ear infections suggest dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which can lead to fluid accumulation and pressure changes in the middle ear.
D. Labyrinthitis presents with vertigo, nausea, and hearing loss, which are not mentioned in Susan's symptoms.
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