Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.

Inflicting mechanical damage on the antigen

Initiating the complement system

Emitting chemicals that modify the antigen's environment

Targeting the antigen's cellular nucleus

Constructing molecular chains to remove the antigen

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A. Antibodies don't typically cause physical damage to antigens.

B.   Antibodies can initiate the complement system, which is a cascade of proteins that can lyse or opsonize antigens.
C.   Antibodies can also emit chemicals that modify the antigen's environment, such as cytokines or histamine, which can attract other immune cells or cause inflammation.
D.   Antibodies typically target specific proteins or structures on the antigen's surface, not the cellular nucleus.
E.   This action doesn't accurately describe the function of antibodies.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Headaches are a common symptom of concussion but are not the most definitive indication since it can occur due to other causes.
B. Sara remembering every detail of the accident does not exclude the possibility of a concussion, as some people may have intact memory despite having a brain injury.
C. This indicates that there is no swelling or bleeding in the brain, which is a hallmark of concussion.
D. While a GCS score of 15 suggests normal neurological function, it is not as definitive as a CT scan in ruling out cerebral edema or other brain injuries.

A. Increased risk of hemorrhage B. Suspected allergic response to medication C. Dehydration and fluid imbalance D. Early indication of possible infection

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Elevated C-reactive protein levels are not directly associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage.
B. C-reactive protein elevation is not indicative of an allergic response to medication.

C. C-reactive protein levels do not directly correlate with dehydration or fluid imbalance.

D. Elevated C-reactive protein levels are often seen in response to inflammation, including that caused by infection. In a post-operative patient, this elevation could indicate the early stages of an infection, and thus should be a priority concern for the nurse.

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Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Sara, a 27-year-old woman with no significant past medical history, presents with confusion and a brief loss of consciousness following a minor car accident. What is the most definitive indication that Sara has suffered a concussion?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Samantha, a nurse in the post-operative ward, is going over recent lab results of a patient, Jane, who underwent abdominal surgery two days ago. Samantha notes an elevated C- reactive protein level. What clinical concern should Samantha prioritize based on this finding?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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