Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.
Inflicting mechanical damage on the antigen
Initiating the complement system
Emitting chemicals that modify the antigen's environment
Targeting the antigen's cellular nucleus
Constructing molecular chains to remove the antigen
Correct Answer : B,C
A. Antibodies don't typically cause physical damage to antigens.
B. Antibodies can initiate the complement system, which is a cascade of proteins that can lyse or opsonize antigens.
C. Antibodies can also emit chemicals that modify the antigen's environment, such as cytokines or histamine, which can attract other immune cells or cause inflammation.
D. Antibodies typically target specific proteins or structures on the antigen's surface, not the cellular nucleus.
E. This action doesn't accurately describe the function of antibodies.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Albuterol is used for bronchodilation and is not indicated for Sandra's presentation.
B. She needs arterial blood gas analysis to monitor her acid-base status, as she has a low pH indicating acidosis.
C. Sandra is a patient who has signs and symptoms of peritonsillar abscess, a complication of recurrent tonsillitis. She needs urgent treatment to prevent airway obstruction and sepsis.
D. Given Sandra's history of tonsillitis and elevated WBC count, initiating antibiotics targeting streptococcal infection is crucial.
E. While a chest X-ray may be indicated for respiratory symptoms, it's not the most immediate action needed for Sandra's management.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Right intracerebral hemorrhage typically causes symptoms on the opposite side of the body (left-sided hemiparesis) and a dilated ipsilateral (right) pupil due to pressure on the oculomotor nerve.
B. Right intracerebral hemorrhage typically results in left-sided hemiparesis due to damage to the motor pathways on the right side of the brain, along with a dilated right pupil due to compression of the ipsilateral (right) oculomotor nerve.
C. Bilateral handgrip strength being equal suggests no focal motor deficits, which would be unusual in the context of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Reactive pupils would not be expected in this scenario.
D. Pinpoint pupils are typically associated with opioid overdose or pontine lesions, not intracerebral hemorrhage.
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