(Select all that apply): A client with MDD is prescribed an atypical antidepressant. Which statements are true about atypical antidepressants? (Select three).
They have the same mechanisms of action as SSRIs.
Bupropion blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.
Mirtazapine blocks serotonin and histamine receptors.
Trazodone blocks the reuptake of serotonin only.
They are associated with common side effects such as dry mouth and blurred vision.
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice B rationale:
Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, indeed blocks the reuptake of both dopamine and norepinephrine. Unlike many other antidepressants, which primarily target serotonin, bupropion's mechanism of action involves increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
Choice C rationale:
Mirtazapine, another atypical antidepressant, blocks serotonin and histamine receptors. By blocking histamine receptors, mirtazapine often leads to drowsiness, which can be a side effect of this medication.
Choice E rationale:
Atypical antidepressants are associated with common side effects such as dry mouth and blurred vision. These side effects are often due to their impact on various neurotransmitter systems, including histamine and acetylcholine. Choices A and D are incorrect because they misrepresent the mechanisms of atypical antidepressants.
Choice A rationale:
Choice A (They have the same mechanisms of action as SSRIs) is incorrect. Atypical antidepressants have different mechanisms of action compared to SSRIs. While SSRIs primarily target serotonin reuptake inhibition, atypical antidepressants like bupropion and mirtazapine have unique mechanisms involving other neurotransmitters.
Choice D rationale:
Choice D (Trazodone blocks the reuptake of serotonin only) is incorrect. Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant with a complex mechanism of action. It is an antagonist at certain serotonin receptors and inhibits serotonin reuptake, but it also has antagonistic effects on histamine receptors, which contribute to its sedative properties.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Dairy products, in general, do not have a significant interaction with TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants). The concern with dairy products is usually related to their interaction with certain antibiotics. Therefore, avoiding dairy products is not necessary for someone taking TCAs.
Choice B rationale:
Fresh fruits do not have a notable interaction with TCAs. In fact, a diet rich in fresh fruits can be beneficial for overall health. There is no need to advise avoiding fresh fruits due to TCA use.
Choice C rationale:
(Correct Choice) Aged cheese should be avoided when taking TCAs. Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, blue cheese, and parmesan, contain tyramine, which can lead to a hypertensive crisis when consumed along with TCAs. This interaction is a result of the monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects of TCAs, which can lead to elevated levels of tyramine in the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale:
Leafy vegetables do not have a significant interaction with TCAs. Leafy vegetables are generally considered healthy and are not contraindicated when taking these medications. Therefore, there is no need for the client to avoid leafy vegetables due to TCA use.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This statement is not accurate for a depressive episode. Excessive involvement in risky activities is more characteristic of a manic episode in bipolar disorder, not a depressive one. Manic episodes are marked by increased energy levels and impulsivity.
Choice B rationale:
An increase in goal-directed activity is not a typical symptom of a depressive episode. Depressive episodes are associated with a decrease in energy, motivation, and interest in previously enjoyed activities, leading to reduced activity levels.
Choice C rationale:
A decreased need for sleep is more commonly associated with manic episodes, where individuals experience a reduced need for sleep due to heightened energy levels. In depressive episodes, sleep disturbances such as insomnia are more prevalent.
Choice D rationale:
Significant weight loss or gain without intentional effort is a possible symptom. Changes in appetite and weight are hallmark features of a depressive episode. Clients may experience a loss of interest in food and subsequently lose weight, or they might engage in "comfort eating," leading to weight gain.
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