(Select All That Apply):. A nurse is assessing a client for possible sleep and wakefulness disorders. Which of the following are common symptoms that the nurse should consider? Select all that apply.
Increased appetite.
Excessive daytime sleepiness.
Heightened sense of smell.
Snoring during sleep.
Enhanced physical strength.
Correct Answer : B,D
Choice A rationale:
Increased appetite is not a common symptom associated with sleep and wakefulness disorders. While sleep disturbances can affect appetite regulation, leading to weight gain or loss, increased appetite itself is not a direct symptom of these disorders.
Choice B rationale:
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a hallmark symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and insufficient sleep syndrome. It is characterized by an overwhelming urge to sleep during the daytime, often resulting in unintentional napping or falling asleep in inappropriate situations.
Choice C rationale:
Heightened sense of smell is not typically associated with sleep and wakefulness disorders. This sensory alteration is not directly linked to sleep disruptions or disorders. It is important to focus on symptoms that are more directly related to sleep patterns.
Choice D rationale:
Snoring during sleep is a common symptom of sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring can be caused by the partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to noisy and disrupted breathing patterns. It is important to assess snoring as it can indicate underlying sleep-related breathing issues.
Choice E rationale:
Enhanced physical strength is not a common symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders. Sleep disturbances are more likely to result in fatigue and decreased physical performance due to disrupted sleep patterns, rather than enhanced strength.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"I've noticed that I've been having trouble falling asleep at night.". This choice suggests difficulty falling asleep, which is a common symptom of sleep deprivation. However, it does not directly align with the reported impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders mentioned in the question. The primary concern in this question is related to the potential impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders, particularly on emotional and psychological well-being.
Choice B rationale:
"I've been taking melatonin supplements to help with my sleep.". This choice indicates the patient's use of melatonin supplements to improve sleep. While melatonin can be used to regulate sleep patterns, its usage does not directly address the emotional and psychological impacts of sleep deprivation that the patient is complaining about. The focus here is on the potential impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders beyond just using supplements.
Choice C rationale:
"I've been having vivid dreams and nightmares during the night.". This is the correct choice. Vivid dreams and nightmares during the night can be indicative of disruptions in sleep patterns and quality. Sleep and wakefulness disorders, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, can lead to fragmented sleep and an increased occurrence of vivid dreams and nightmares. These disruptions can contribute to feelings of anxiety and irritability, aligning with the patient's complaints.
Choice D rationale:
"I've been feeling really impatient and getting upset easily.". While irritability and impatience are potential consequences of sleep deprivation, this choice does not directly address the mention of vivid dreams and nightmares during the night. While irritability is a common symptom of sleep deprivation, the choice does not capture the emotional and psychological impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders mentioned in the question.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Insomnia refers to the difficulty of initiating or maintaining sleep or experiencing nonrestorative sleep, often resulting in daytime impairments. It doesn't involve abnormal behavioral or physiological events during sleep, making it an incorrect choice.
Choice B rationale:
Hypersomnolence is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and prolonged nighttime sleep, but it doesn't encompass abnormal events during sleep. It focuses on excessive sleep rather than abnormal behaviors or experiences during sleep.
Choice C rationale:
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involve disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle due to misalignment with the natural circadian rhythm. While this can lead to difficulties in falling asleep or staying awake at desired times, it doesn't specifically account for abnormal behavioral or experiential events during sleep.
Choice D rationale:
Parasomnias involve abnormal behaviors, experiences, physiological events, or psychological events occurring during sleep or sleep-wake transitions. These include disorders like sleepwalking, night terrors, sleep-related eating disorders, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. These behaviors are outside the range of normal sleep activities and differentiate parasomnias from other sleep disorders.
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