(Select All That Apply):. A nurse is assessing a client for possible sleep and wakefulness disorders. Which of the following are common symptoms that the nurse should consider? Select all that apply.
Increased appetite.
Excessive daytime sleepiness.
Heightened sense of smell.
Snoring during sleep.
Enhanced physical strength.
Correct Answer : B,D
Choice A rationale:
Increased appetite is not a common symptom associated with sleep and wakefulness disorders. While sleep disturbances can affect appetite regulation, leading to weight gain or loss, increased appetite itself is not a direct symptom of these disorders.
Choice B rationale:
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a hallmark symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and insufficient sleep syndrome. It is characterized by an overwhelming urge to sleep during the daytime, often resulting in unintentional napping or falling asleep in inappropriate situations.
Choice C rationale:
Heightened sense of smell is not typically associated with sleep and wakefulness disorders. This sensory alteration is not directly linked to sleep disruptions or disorders. It is important to focus on symptoms that are more directly related to sleep patterns.
Choice D rationale:
Snoring during sleep is a common symptom of sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring can be caused by the partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to noisy and disrupted breathing patterns. It is important to assess snoring as it can indicate underlying sleep-related breathing issues.
Choice E rationale:
Enhanced physical strength is not a common symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders. Sleep disturbances are more likely to result in fatigue and decreased physical performance due to disrupted sleep patterns, rather than enhanced strength.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"I've noticed that I've been having trouble falling asleep at night.". This choice suggests difficulty falling asleep, which is a common symptom of sleep deprivation. However, it does not directly align with the reported impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders mentioned in the question. The primary concern in this question is related to the potential impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders, particularly on emotional and psychological well-being.
Choice B rationale:
"I've been taking melatonin supplements to help with my sleep.". This choice indicates the patient's use of melatonin supplements to improve sleep. While melatonin can be used to regulate sleep patterns, its usage does not directly address the emotional and psychological impacts of sleep deprivation that the patient is complaining about. The focus here is on the potential impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders beyond just using supplements.
Choice C rationale:
"I've been having vivid dreams and nightmares during the night.". This is the correct choice. Vivid dreams and nightmares during the night can be indicative of disruptions in sleep patterns and quality. Sleep and wakefulness disorders, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, can lead to fragmented sleep and an increased occurrence of vivid dreams and nightmares. These disruptions can contribute to feelings of anxiety and irritability, aligning with the patient's complaints.
Choice D rationale:
"I've been feeling really impatient and getting upset easily.". While irritability and impatience are potential consequences of sleep deprivation, this choice does not directly address the mention of vivid dreams and nightmares during the night. While irritability is a common symptom of sleep deprivation, the choice does not capture the emotional and psychological impacts of sleep and wakefulness disorders mentioned in the question.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Sleep hygiene measures are fundamental for improving sleep quality. These measures include creating a comfortable sleep environment, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine and nicotine close to bedtime, and more. They are often the first step in managing sleep disorders.
Choice C rationale:
Antidepressant medications can sometimes be used to manage sleep disorders, particularly when they are linked to conditions like depression or anxiety. However, they are not typically the first-line treatment and should be considered based on individual patient needs and the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Choice D rationale:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach for treating various sleep disorders, including insomnia. It focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to sleep problems. CBT has shown effectiveness and is recommended as a primary treatment option.
Choice E rationale:
Psychotherapy can be beneficial for addressing psychological factors contributing to sleep problems. However, it's not limited to physical causes; psychological factors can play a significant role in sleep disorders as well. Therefore, psychotherapy is not exclusive to addressing only physical causes of sleep problems.
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