A client is describing their recent experiences to a nurse. The client reports having difficulty falling asleep and feeling unrefreshed after sleep. Additionally, the client mentions mood changes and headaches. Which of the following statements by the client align with the symptoms of sleep and wakefulness disorders?

Choice A rationale:

"Sleep deprivation can lead to decreased testosterone production.". This is the correct choice. Sleep plays a crucial role in hormone regulation, including testosterone production. Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to decreased testosterone levels, which can affect various aspects of metabolic function, including muscle mass, energy levels, and overall metabolic health.

Choice B rationale:

"Sleep deprivation is linked to an increased risk of heart failure.". While sleep deprivation has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular issues, including heart failure, this choice focuses more on cardiac health rather than direct metabolic consequences. The primary concern in this question is the potential impact of sleep deprivation on metabolic function.

Choice C rationale:

"Sleep deprivation can impair wound healing and vaccine response.". This choice points out the potential consequences of sleep deprivation on immune function, wound healing, and vaccine response. Although this is a relevant consequence of sleep deprivation, it doesn't directly address the metabolic function aspect mentioned in the question.

Choice D rationale:

"Sleep deprivation is associated with a higher susceptibility to infections.". While sleep deprivation can indeed weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections, this choice, like Choice C, does not directly address the impact on metabolic function that the question is asking about.

Choice A rationale:

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common consequence of insomnia. This question aims to assess whether the client experiences daytime impairment due to poor sleep initiation or maintenance. Inquiring about excessive daytime sleepiness is crucial because it reflects the potential impact of insomnia on the client's daily functioning.

Choice B rationale:

Asking about whether the client sleeps for more than 9 hours a night is not directly related to insomnia. While prolonged sleep can be seen in certain conditions like hypersomnolence, it doesn't address the core symptom of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep associated with insomnia.

Choice C rationale:

Inquiring about abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep is relevant for sleep disorders like sleep apnea, which can cause disruptions in sleep due to breathing difficulties. However, this question is not specific to the symptoms of insomnia, which involve difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep.

Choice D rationale:

Asking about falling asleep at inappropriate times during the day is more aligned with narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep. While some individuals with insomnia might experience daytime sleepiness, it's not a defining feature of the disorder.