A client is describing their recent experiences to a nurse. The client reports having difficulty falling asleep and feeling unrefreshed after sleep. Additionally, the client mentions mood changes and headaches. Which of the following statements by the client align with the symptoms of sleep and wakefulness disorders?

"I've been having really vivid dreams lately.".

"I've noticed my hair has been thinning.".

"I feel very energetic during the daytime.".

"I've been experiencing muscle spasms at night.".

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Vivid dreams can be associated with certain sleep disorders such as REM sleep behavior disorder, where individuals act out their dreams due to a lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep. This can lead to physical movements during sleep and potentially result in injuries to the individual or their sleep partner.

Choice B rationale:

Hair thinning is not typically a symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders. It is more commonly associated with factors like genetics, hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions such as alopecia.

Choice C rationale:

Feeling very energetic during the daytime is not aligned with the symptoms of sleep and wakefulness disorders. Sleep disorders often lead to daytime fatigue and excessive sleepiness rather than increased energy levels.

Choice D rationale:

Experiencing muscle spasms at night is not a classic symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders. Muscle spasms could be related to various factors such as electrolyte imbalances, restless legs syndrome, or nocturnal leg cramps, but they are not among the primary symptoms of these disorders.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Medical disorders can contribute to sleep and wakefulness disorders. Conditions such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and chronic pain can disrupt sleep patterns. Various medical conditions affect sleep architecture and can lead to sleep disturbances, affecting overall sleep quality.

Choice B rationale:

Mental health disorders are well-documented causes of sleep and wakefulness disorders. Conditions like insomnia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder can directly impact sleep initiation, maintenance, and overall sleep quality. The bidirectional relationship between mental health and sleep is widely recognized in clinical literature.

Choice C rationale:

Genetic predisposition can play a role in sleep disorders, but it is not among the most common causes or risk factors. Some sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy and certain circadian rhythm disorders, have a genetic component. However, other factors like lifestyle, environment, and medical conditions often have more significant contributions.

Choice D rationale:

Medications and substance use are recognized contributors to sleep and wakefulness disorders. Many medications can interfere with sleep patterns, including stimulants, antidepressants, and certain antihypertensive drugs. Substance use, particularly alcohol and recreational drugs, can disrupt sleep architecture and lead to insomnia and poor sleep quality.

A. Genetic factors. B. Iron deficiency anemia. C. Excessive caffeine consumption. D. Pregnancy. E. Chronic stress.

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Genetic factors. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) does have a genetic component, but it's not a major contributing factor on its own. While there might be a family history, it's not a primary cause of RLS.

Choice B rationale:

Iron deficiency anemia. This is a correct choice. Iron deficiency is strongly associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Iron is crucial for dopamine production and function, and dopamine dysregulation is thought to play a role in RLS. Treatment of iron deficiency can often alleviate RLS symptoms.

Choice C rationale:

Excessive caffeine consumption. This is a correct choice. Caffeine is a stimulant that can worsen symptoms of RLS. It can exacerbate the restlessness and discomfort in the legs that are characteristic of the disorder.

Choice D rationale:

Pregnancy. Pregnancy can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms, but it is not a primary cause of RLS. The hormonal changes and increased blood volume during pregnancy can lead to RLS symptoms, but these symptoms typically resolve after pregnancy.

Choice E rationale:

Chronic stress. Chronic stress can worsen RLS symptoms, but it is not a direct cause. Stress can exacerbate the discomfort and restlessness in the legs, making the symptoms more pronounced.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a group of individuals about the factors contributing to sleep and wakefulness disorders. Which of the following categories is NOT among the common causes or risk factors for these disorders?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is discussing sleep-related movement disorders with a client. Select all of the following factors that can contribute to restless legs syndrome (RLS).

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is discussing the possible effects of sleep deprivation with a patient. Which of the following statements accurately represents a potential impact on immune function?

A client is seeking information about a sleep disorder involving abnormal movements of the limbs or body during sleep. Which of the following conditions is characterized by repetitive or stereotyped movements during sleep or while falling asleep?

A client is concerned about their sleep quality and is seeking help. What would be the appropriate action for the nurse to take?

(Select all that apply):. A nurse is assessing a patient's sleep history. Which of the following questions would be appropriate for the nurse to ask to gather relevant information about the patient's sleep patterns? Select all that apply.

A nurse is educating a group of clients about sleep-related breathing disorders. Which of the following symptoms is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

A client is discussing their experiences with a nurse regarding sleep and wakefulness disorders. Select all the potential impacts of sleep deprivation mentioned in the text.

(Select all that apply):. A nurse is assisting a patient with implementing good sleep hygiene practices. Which of the following actions would the nurse recommend to the patient? Select all that apply.