Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation can change these body functions except:
Increase heart rate
Increase blood glucose
Increase GI motility and movement
Increase blood pressure
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for the “fight or flight” response, which prepares the body to respond to perceived threats. One of the primary effects of SNS activation is an increase in heart rate. This is achieved through the release of catecholamines like adrenaline, which stimulate the heart to pump more blood to vital organs and muscles.
Choice B Reason:
Another effect of SNS activation is an increase in blood glucose levels. This occurs because the body needs more energy to respond to stress. The SNS stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, ensuring that muscles and other tissues have enough energy to function effectively during a stressful situation.
Choice C Reason:
The correct answer is that SNS activation does not increase GI motility and movement. In fact, it has the opposite effect. During a “fight or flight” response, the body prioritizes functions that are critical for immediate survival, such as increased heart rate and blood flow to muscles. As a result, non-essential functions like digestion are slowed down. The SNS decreases GI motility and movement to divert energy and blood flow to more critical areas.
Choice D Reason:
SNS activation also leads to an increase in blood pressure. This is achieved by constricting blood vessels and increasing the force of heart contractions. The purpose of this response is to ensure that enough blood and oxygen are delivered to essential organs and muscles during a stressful situation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Minimal Effect on Vessels
A reduction in blood pH, which indicates acidosis, does not have a minimal effect on blood vessels. Acidosis can significantly impact vascular tone and function. Therefore, this choice is incorrect as it underestimates the physiological changes that occur in response to a decrease in pH.
Choice B: No Effect on Vessels
Similarly, stating that a reduction in blood pH has no effect on vessels is inaccurate. Blood pH is tightly regulated, and deviations from the normal range (7.35-7.45) can lead to significant physiological responses. Acidosis can alter vascular tone, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C: Vasodilation
While vasodilation can occur in response to certain conditions, a reduction in blood pH typically leads to vasoconstriction rather than vasodilation. Vasodilation is more commonly associated with an increase in blood pH (alkalosis) or other factors such as increased levels of nitric oxide or prostaglandins.
Choice D: Vasoconstriction
When the pH of blood reduces, indicating acidosis, it often leads to vasoconstriction. This response is mediated by chemoreceptors that detect changes in pH and stimulate the vasomotor center to increase vascular tone. Vasoconstriction helps to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion of vital organs during acidosis. Therefore, this is the correct answer.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Beta 2 Agonist Decreases Blood Pressure
Beta 2 agonists primarily cause bronchodilation and vasodilation, which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure. However, this is not their primary function, and they are more commonly associated with the relaxation of smooth muscles in the airways.
Choice B: Beta 1 Agonist Increases Blood Pressure
Beta 1 receptors are primarily located in the heart. Activation of these receptors increases heart rate and contractility, which in turn increases cardiac output and blood pressure. Therefore, beta 1 agonists are known to increase blood pressure.
Choice C: Beta 2 Agonist Reduces Blood Pressure
Similar to choice A, beta 2 agonists can cause vasodilation, which may reduce blood pressure. However, this is not their primary therapeutic use, and they are mainly used for their bronchodilatory effects.
Choice D: Beta 1 Agonist Reduces Blood Pressure
Beta 1 agonists increase heart rate and contractility, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, this statement is incorrect as beta 1 agonists do not reduce blood pressure.
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