The adrenal cortex hormones include all of the following except:

A. High fiber diet, laxatives, increased water intake, increased reflex for defecation: These factors promote healthy bowel movements. Fiber adds bulk to stool, water softens it, laxatives stimulate movement, and an intact defecation reflex supports regular elimination, all of which prevent constipation.

B. Decreased fiber diet, decreased water intake, decreased reflex for defecation: These are contributing factors to constipation. However, it leaves out other significant causes like medications and medical conditions that impair bowel function.

C. Increased fiber diet, increased hydration, increased reflex for defecation, medications, absence of disease processes: Fiber, hydration, absence of disease and a strong reflex help prevent constipation. However, medications like opioids and anticholinergics often cause constipation regardless of diet and hydration.

D. Decreased fiber diet, decreased hydration, decreased reflex for defecation, medications, disease processes: A low-fiber diet and poor hydration lead to hard stools. A weak defecation reflex can result from neurological decline. Medications and chronic diseases such as diabetes or hypothyroidism can slow intestinal motility.

A. Decision-making, problem-solving, and planning: The frontal lobe is primarily responsible for higher-order executive functions such as reasoning, decision-making, problem-solving, judgment, and planning. It also plays a role in personality and voluntary motor control, especially through the prefrontal cortex and motor areas.

B. Vision and color recognition: These functions are associated with the occipital lobe, which is located at the back of the brain and specializes in processing visual input, including aspects like color, shape, and motion.

C. Language comprehension and memory: Language comprehension is primarily controlled by Wernicke’s area, which is located in the temporal lobe. Memory is also associated with the temporal lobe and the limbic system structures like the hippocampus.

D. Movement coordination and balance: These are functions of the cerebellum, which regulates fine motor control, coordination, balance, and posture—not the frontal lobe.