The caregiver of a child with a history of ear infections calls the nurse and reports that her son has just told her his urine “looks funny.” He also has a headache, and his mother reports that his eyes are puffy. Although he had a fever 2 days ago, his temperature is now down to 100 °F (37.8 °C). The nurse encourages the mother to have the child seen by the care provider because the nurse suspects the child may have:

Rheumatic fever.

Lipoid nephrosis (idiopathic nephrotic syndrome).

A urinary tract infection.

Acute glomerulonephritis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Rheumatic fever follows streptococcal infection but typically presents with joint pain, carditis, or rash, not puffy eyes or abnormal urine. Glomerulonephritis better matches the symptoms post-infection, making this incorrect for the suspected condition based on the child’s presentation and history.

Choice B reason: Lipoid nephrosis causes edema and proteinuria but is not typically linked to recent infections or hematuria. Acute glomerulonephritis, often post-streptococcal, explains puffy eyes and abnormal urine, making this less fitting and incorrect for the child’s symptoms following ear infections.

Choice C reason: Urinary tract infections cause dysuria or frequency, not puffy eyes or hematuria post-infection. Acute glomerulonephritis aligns with the history of ear infections (possible streptococcal link) and symptoms, making this incorrect for the suspected condition in this child with these signs.

Choice D reason: Acute glomerulonephritis, often post-streptococcal (e.g., after ear infections), causes hematuria (“funny” urine), periorbital edema (puffy eyes), and headache. This aligns with pediatric nephrology evidence, making it the correct condition the nurse suspects based on the child’s symptoms and medical history.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Little League may be too physically demanding for an 8-year-old with muscular dystrophy, risking fatigue or injury. An art class supports engagement without exertion, making this impractical and incorrect compared to the nurse’s suggestion for a low-physical activity suitable for the child.

Choice B reason: Sedentary family activities limit social and creative stimulation, potentially isolating the child with muscular dystrophy. An art class encourages participation, making this overly restrictive and incorrect compared to the nurse’s recommendation for an engaging, low-exertion activity for the 8-year-old.

Choice C reason: An art class allows the 8-year-old with muscular dystrophy to engage socially and creatively without physical exertion, supporting well-being. This aligns with pediatric chronic illness activity planning, making it the correct suggestion for the caregivers to promote the child’s participation and development.

Choice D reason: Homeschooling may reduce social interaction, increasing feelings of difference for the child with muscular dystrophy. An art class fosters inclusion, making this isolating and incorrect compared to the nurse’s suggestion for an activity that supports social engagement without physical demands.

A. The enzymes secreted by the child’s liver and pancreas are much greater in amount than in the adult. B. The speed with which food passes through the gastrointestinal tract in the child is much slower than in the adult. C. The child’s gastrointestinal system is fully matured when the child is born. D. The child cannot break down and use complex carbohydrates in the same way the adult can.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Children’s liver and pancreatic enzyme levels are not greater than adults’ but are sufficient for age-specific needs. Complex carbohydrate digestion is limited in children due to immature enzymes, making this inaccurate and incorrect compared to the carbohydrate metabolism difference in pediatric gastroenterology.

Choice B reason: Food passes through a child’s gastrointestinal tract faster, not slower, due to shorter intestines and higher motility. Limited complex carbohydrate digestion is the key difference, making this incorrect, as it misrepresents the speed of pediatric gastrointestinal transit compared to adults.

Choice C reason: The child’s gastrointestinal system is not fully mature at birth; it develops over years, particularly in enzyme function. Inability to digest complex carbohydrates reflects this immaturity, making this incorrect compared to the accurate statement about carbohydrate metabolism limitations in children.

Choice D reason: Children have limited ability to break down complex carbohydrates due to immature digestive enzymes, like amylase, compared to adults. This aligns with pediatric gastroenterology evidence, making it the most correct statement about the child’s gastrointestinal system development and function in digestion.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The caregivers of an 8-year-old child diagnosed with muscular dystrophy are discussing appropriate activities for their child. The nurse might suggest to these caregivers that they take which action in regard to their child’s activities?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following is most correct regarding the gastrointestinal system of the child?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A group of nurses is reviewing the cardiovascular system and its function. Which statement by one of the nurses demonstrates an understanding of a child’s cardiovascular system?

The caregiver of an infant keeps removing the pulse oximetry sensor claiming it is too tight and hurting the baby. Which response should the nurse prioritize in addressing this situation?

The nurse is working with a group of chronically ill school-aged children and their caregivers. Which strategy would be most effective in helping the children reach their self-care treatment goals?

The nurse asks the parents of a child about the family health history. The father asks the nurse why she needs this information. The nurse would explain that the family health history is gathered for what reason?

The pediatric nurse is careful to monitor and assess the growth and development of all clients. Which characteristic should the nurse prepare to assess in the infants?

The caregiver of a child with sickle cell disease asks the nurse how much fluid her child should have each day after the child goes home. In response to the caregiver’s question, the nurse would explain that for the child with sickle cell disease, it is best that the child have:

The school nurse is presenting information to a group of high school students who are asking about vegetarian diets. The nurse determines that the group needs more information when they identify which foods as being included in a vegan diet?