The client has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and has been prescribed Humulin R insulin. The patient will take the dose at 0900. When should the client be sure to have a snack or meal?

Choice A reason: Humulin R (regular insulin) has an onset of 30-60 minutes and peaks at 2-3 hours. Taking a snack at 0900-0930, immediately after injection, is too early, as insulin action is minimal, and glucose from the meal may cause hyperglycemia before insulin peaks, making this timing inappropriate.

Choice B reason: Humulin R peaks at 2-3 hours (1100-1200 for a 0900 dose), when hypoglycemia risk is highest due to maximum glucose uptake. A snack or meal at 1100-1130 provides glucose to counter insulin’s peak effect, preventing low blood sugar, making this the most appropriate timing.

Choice C reason: By 1400-1430, Humulin R’s effect (duration 5-8 hours) is waning, reducing hypoglycemia risk. A snack at this time is less critical, as insulin’s glucose-lowering action is declining. This timing is less effective for preventing hypoglycemia compared to the peak action period at 1100-1130.

Choice D reason: At 1700-1730, Humulin R’s effect is nearly gone (duration 5-8 hours), making hypoglycemia unlikely from the 0900 dose. A snack this late is irrelevant to the insulin’s action, as glucose levels are stabilized, making this timing inappropriate for preventing hypoglycemia.

Choice A reason: A complete break with both ends aligned is a simple or non-displaced fracture, not a greenstick fracture. Greenstick fractures involve partial breakage with bending, common in children due to flexible bones. This description does not match the characteristic bending of greenstick fractures.

Choice B reason: A greenstick fracture is a partial break where one side of the bone bends and the other cracks, like a green twig. This occurs in children due to pliable bones with a thick periosteum. This description accurately depicts a greenstick fracture, making it the correct choice.

Choice C reason: A break with bone piercing the skin is a compound (open) fracture, not a greenstick fracture. Compound fractures involve complete bone disruption and skin penetration, unlike the partial, bending nature of greenstick fractures, making this description incorrect for the fracture type.

Choice D reason: A spiral break from twisting force is a spiral fracture, characterized by a helical pattern around the bone. Greenstick fractures involve bending, not twisting, and are partial breaks. This description is inaccurate, as it describes a different fracture mechanism unrelated to greenstick fractures.