The client's arterial blood gases reveal the following results: pH 7.51, PaO2 80 mmHg, PaCO2 28 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L, O2 saturation 92%. The nurse interprets this blood gas result as:

Table 9.9 Normal Arterial Blood Gas Values

ABG Value

Normal Range

PH

7.35-7.45

PaCO2

35-45 mm Hg

HCO3-

22-26 mEq/L

Base excess

-2 to +2

PaO2

80-95 mm Hg

SaO2

>95%

respiratory alkalosis.

metabolic alkalosis.

respiratory acidosis.

metabolic acidosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   The elevated pH and decreased PaCO2 indicate that the respiratory system is causing alkalosis, typically due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing).
B.   Metabolic alkalosis would be indicated by a high pH with a normal or high HCO3. Since the HCO3 level is normal and the PaCO2 is low, this does not fit the picture of metabolic alkalosis.
C.   Respiratory acidosis would be characterized by a low pH and an elevated PaCO2 due to inadequate ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide. Here, the pH is high, and the PaCO2 is low.
D.   Metabolic acidosis would be indicated by a low pH with a low HCO3. In this case, the pH is high, and the HCO3 is normal.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Petechiae (small red or purple spots caused by bleeding under the skin) and epistaxis (nosebleeds) result from thrombocytopenia, which is a low platelet count often seen in leukemia. The compromised bone marrow function leads to inadequate production of platelets, resulting in bleeding and bruising.
B. While generalized edema and rash can occur in various conditions, they are not specific to ALL and are not common initial findings. Edema might be seen in certain contexts (e.g., renal involvement or fluid overload), but it is not a hallmark of ALL.
C. Alopecia (hair loss) and pallor (paleness) can occur in clients undergoing chemotherapy for ALL, but they are not typically initial findings at the time of diagnosis. Pallor may result from anemia, which can develop as a consequence of the disease, but it is not the most immediate or characteristic symptom of ALL.
D. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) and lethargy are not typical initial findings of ALL. Lethargy could be present due to anemia or other systemic effects, but bradycardia is not commonly associated with the disease and would require further investigation for other underlying causes.

A. ovarian cancer occurs primarily among women over age 70 that also have other complicating health problems. B. the causative cancer cell is resistant to chemotherapy or radiation. C. there are no obvious symptoms or problems during the early stages of this disorder. D. radiation therapy is ineffective because the ovaries are located so deep within the pelvis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Many women diagnosed with ovarian cancer are indeed older, but the presence of other health problems is not a primary factor in explaining the high death rates. The key issue is more related to late- stage diagnosis rather than age alone.
B. While some ovarian cancer cells can develop resistance to treatment, it is not universally true for all cases. The high mortality rate is more often due to the late stage at which the cancer is diagnosed rather than inherent resistance to treatment. Thus, this option does not fully explain the high death rates.
C. Ovarian cancer often presents with vague symptoms that can be easily overlooked in the early stages, such as bloating, abdominal discomfort, or changes in bowel habits. As a result, many women do not receive a diagnosis until the cancer has progressed to a more advanced stage, contributing significantly to the high mortality rates associated with the disease.
D. While it is true that the ovaries are located deep in the pelvis, the main treatment for ovarian cancer typically involves surgery and chemotherapy rather than radiation therapy. Radiation is not a primary treatment for this cancer type, and this statement does not accurately reflect why the death rates are high.

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ABG Value	Normal Range
PH	7.35-7.45
PaCO2	35-45 mm Hg
HCO3-	22-26 mEq/L
Base excess	-2 to +2
PaO2	80-95 mm Hg
SaO2	>95%

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which initial assessment finding(s) would the nurse expect in a client diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

In educating clients about ovarian cancer, the nurse emphasizes death rates for ovarian cancer are high because:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a 35-year-old male who is diagnosed with epididymitis. Which statement would indicate the client understands teaching about this condition?

The physician recommends a carotid endarterectomy for a client with atherosclerosis and a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAS). The nurse explains that this procedure involves:

The nurse is caring for a client who had a thrombotic stroke in the Emergency Department. It has been less than 3 hours since the onset of symptoms. The rationale for using tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for this client is to:

The client is admitted with complaints of photosensitivity, neck stiffness, and a "thunderclap" headache. The nurse recognizes that these clinical manifestations would present with which type of stroke?

A client diagnosed with a stroke is experiencing homonymous hemianopia. The most appropriate nursing intervention to help the client learn to compensate for this deficit during rehabilitation period would be to:

A 78-year-old client is admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) with numbness and weakness of the right arm and slurred speech. Which nursing intervention is a priority?

The nurse is caring for the client who has dysphagia following an ischemic stroke. The client is ordered a pureed diet starting today. Which intervention would be appropriate for this client?

The client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia has experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Which medication would the nurse anticipate being ordered for the client on discharge?