The daughter of an older adult asks the nurse why her father seems to have so many respiratory infections despite receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Select the nurse's best response.

After the age of 60, the plasma volume increases and there is a decreased ability to fight infections.

Healthy bone marrow function decreases with aging, which lowers the immune response to infection.

older adults have an overactive antibody response to vaccines.

An older person's blood is more prone to clotting, so infection-fighting cells cannot reach the source of infection quickly.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. After the age of 60, the plasma volume decreases and there is a decreased ability to fight infections. The decrease in plasma volume reduces the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the tissues, which impairs the immune function.

Choice B reason: This is correct. Healthy bone marrow function decreases with aging, which lowers the immune response to infection. The bone marrow produces fewer white blood cells, which are essential for fighting infections. The older adult also has a reduced response to vaccines, which makes them more susceptible to infections.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Older adults have an underactive antibody response to vaccines. This means that they do not produce enough antibodies to protect themselves from the pathogens that the vaccine is supposed to prevent.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. An older person's blood is more prone to clotting, but this does not affect the infection-fighting cells. The infection-fighting cells can still travel through the blood vessels and reach the source of infection. However, the increased risk of clotting can lead to other complications such as stroke or heart attack.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A (Apples and grapes): While fruits like apples and grapes are generally healthy options, they may not be the best choice for a client in sickle cell crisis. These fruits are high in fiber and may require a significant amount of chewing, which can be challenging for someone experiencing a sickle cell crisis.

Choice B (Popsicles, gelatin, or juice): This choice is the most suitable for a client in sickle cell crisis. During a crisis, it's important to stay hydrated, and these options provide hydration along with easily digestible carbohydrates, which can be beneficial for maintaining energy levels.

Choice C (Beans): While beans are a good source of protein and fiber, they may not be well tolerated during a sickle cell crisis due to their high fiber content.

Choice D (Cheese): Although cheese is a source of protein and calcium, it may not be the best option during a sickle cell crisis, as dairy products can be harder to digest and may not contribute to hydration.

A. arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown. B. uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles. C. stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait. D. hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown are not specific to Parkinson disease, but may be seen in other neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles are characteristic of Huntington disease, not Parkinson disease. Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the nerve cells in the brain.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait are signs of cerebellar ataxia, not Parkinson disease. Cerebellar ataxia is a disorder that affects the coordination and balance of the movements, caused by damage to the cerebellum.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive disorder that affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, resulting in movement problems.

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The daughter of an older adult asks the nurse why her father seems to have so many respiratory infections despite receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Select the nurse's best response.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following foods would the nurse encourage the client in sickle cell crisis to eat?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The daughter of an older adult asks the nurse why her father seems to have so many respiratory infections despite receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Select the nurse's best response.

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