The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.

Arterial endothelium injury causes Inflammation.

Vessel narrowing results in ischemia.

Foam cells release growth factors for smooth muscle cells.

Macrophages consume low-density lipoprotein (LDL), creating foam cells.

Smooth muscle grows over fatty streaks creating fibrous plaques.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A,D,C,E,B

This sequence starts with an injury to the arterial endothelium, leading to inflammation. Macrophages then consume LDL, forming foam cells. These foam cells release growth factors that stimulate the growth of smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle cells grow over the fatty streaks, creating fibrous plaques. Finally, as these plaques grow, they narrow the vessel, which can result in ischemia. This is a simplified explanation of a complex process that involves many other factors and steps. It’s also important to note that this process can take many years to develop.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues. Here's an explanation of the pathophysiological process producing the symptoms of gout:

A) Deposition of crystals in the synovial space of the joints produces inflammation and irritation:

Correct. In gout, elevated levels of uric acid in the blood lead to the formation and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid of joints, particularly in the big toe joint (first metatarsophalangeal joint) in many cases. These crystals trigger an inflammatory response, activating immune cells and causing swelling, redness, warmth, and severe pain in the affected joint. The inflammation and irritation result from the body's immune response to the presence of these crystals.

B) Chondrocyte injury destroys joint cartilage, producing osteophytes and joint inflammation:

This option describes a process more characteristic of osteoarthritis, where degeneration of joint cartilage leads to the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs) and joint inflammation. Gout involves the deposition of urate crystals rather than direct chondrocyte injury.

C) An immune complex and autoantibody deposition in connective tissue results in inflammation:

This process describes the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, where immune complexes and autoantibodies contribute to inflammation and tissue damage. In gout, the inflammation is primarily triggered by the deposition of urate crystals rather than immune complex deposition.

D) An autoimmune inflammation involving IgG response to an antigen causes joint destruction:

This option describes the autoimmune process seen in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, where antibodies target specific antigens, leading to joint destruction. Gout is not an autoimmune disease, and joint destruction in gout is primarily due to inflammation caused by urate crystal deposition rather than autoimmune mechanisms.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling in the joints, commonly affecting the big toe joint (first metatarsophalangeal joint). The primary pathophysiological process underlying gout involves the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues. Here's an explanation of why option A is the correct answer:

A) Deposition of crystals in the synovial space of the joints produces inflammation and irritation:

Correct. Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to the formation of monosodium urate crystals, which then accumulate in the synovial fluid of joints, particularly in the big toe joint in many cases. These crystals trigger an inflammatory response, activating immune cells and causing swelling, redness, warmth, and severe pain in the affected joint. The inflammation and irritation result from the body's response to the presence of these crystals.

B) Chondrocyte injury destroys joint cartilage, producing osteophytes and joint inflammation:

This option describes a process more characteristic of osteoarthritis, where degeneration of joint cartilage leads to inflammation and the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs). Gout does not directly involve chondrocyte injury.

C) An immune complex and autoantibody deposition in connective tissue results in inflammation:

D) An autoimmune inflammation involving IgG response to an antigen causes joint destruction:

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The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?

When developing a teaching plan for a client with peripheral artery disease, the nurse should explain that intermittent claudication occurs as the result of which underlying pathophysiology?

When planning care for a client who is diagnosed with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the nurse should carefully monitor for which signs and symptoms?

The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of otosclerosis due to previous ear surgeries. Which type of pathological hearing loss supports the client's clinical history?

The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison's disease for self-care afi.4 discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?

The nurse is caring for an immobilized client who is at risk for breakdown in skin integrity. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse note early in the development of a pressure injury?