The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.

Arterial endothelium injury causes Inflammation.

Vessel narrowing results in ischemia.

Foam cells release growth factors for smooth muscle cells.

Macrophages consume low-density lipoprotein (LDL), creating foam cells.

Smooth muscle grows over fatty streaks creating fibrous plaques.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A,D,C,E,B

This sequence starts with an injury to the arterial endothelium, leading to inflammation. Macrophages then consume LDL, forming foam cells. These foam cells release growth factors that stimulate the growth of smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle cells grow over the fatty streaks, creating fibrous plaques. Finally, as these plaques grow, they narrow the vessel, which can result in ischemia. This is a simplified explanation of a complex process that involves many other factors and steps. It’s also important to note that this process can take many years to develop.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Small, skin-colored, pedunculated papules in areas of skin folds and on other areas as skin tags:

This description is more characteristic of acrochordons (skin tags), which are benign skin growths often found in skin folds. Skin tags are typically not associated with acne vulgaris.

B) Hyperpigmented areas that vary in form and color and are slightly elevated from the skin:

This description may be indicative of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can occur after resolution of acne lesions. However, it does not represent the primary pathological findings observed in acne vulgaris.

C) Hyperactive sebaceous areas forming comedones, papules, pustules on the face, neck, and upper back:

Correct. Acne vulgaris is characterized by hyperactive sebaceous glands, leading to the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, and pustules. These lesions commonly occur on the face, neck, and upper back due to the high density of sebaceous glands in these areas.

D) Sharply demarcated silvery scaling plaques with underlying redness on the elbows and knees:

This description is more indicative of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by silvery scaling plaques and inflammation. Psoriasis typically affects extensor surfaces such as the elbows and knees, rather than the areas commonly affected by acne vulgaris.

A. Embolic migration. B. Massive atelectasis C. Respiratory failure. D. Pulmonary infarction.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The ABG results indicate respiratory acidosis (pH 7.0, PaCO2 66 mmHg) with compensatory metabolic alkalosis (HCO3- 24 mEq/L). The low PaO2 (60 mmHg) suggests hypoxemia.

pH 7.0: The pH is below the normal range (7.35 to 7.45), indicating acidosis.

PaCO2 66 mmHg: The PaCO2 is elevated above the normal range (35 to 45 mmHg), indicating respiratory acidosis.

HCO3- 24 mEq/L: The bicarbonate level is within the normal range (21 to 28 mEq/L), indicating compensatory metabolic alkalosis.

PaO2 60 mmHg: The PaO2 is decreased below the normal range (80 to 100 mmHg), indicating hypoxemia.

These findings suggest that the client is experiencing respiratory failure, which is characterized by inadequate gas exchange resulting in hypoxemia and hypercapnia. In this case, the massive pulmonary embolus is causing ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory compromise. Tachycardia, hypotension, and audible bilateral pulmonary crackles further support the diagnosis of respiratory failure in the context of a massive pulmonary embolus.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What is the inherent rate of the AV (atrioventricular) node area?

Which physiological process supports the exchange of blood concentrations across a semipermeable membrane in the hemodialysis?

A client with chronic osteoarthritis is troubled by knee pain. Which pathophysiological process is contributing to the pain?

A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?

A client is being treated for a gastric ulcer caused by Heliobacter pylori. The nurse should prepare the client for long term follow-up to which associated problem?

The nurse admits a client with sepsis and has developed cool ecchymotic fingertips and toes. The healthcare provider determines that the client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which findings support the pathophysiology of DIC?