The four phases of surgical care are preoperative care, intraoperative care, post anesthesia care, and:

A. Place a walker at the side of the bed. A walker may not be necessary for all patients and should only be used if prescribed by the healthcare provider.

B. Allow the patient to sit with the head of bed raised to the high Fowler’s position. This helps with postural adjustment but is not the best first step before dangling the legs.

C. Assist the patient to sit and dangle his or her legs on the side of the bed. Gradual movement from lying to sitting to standing helps prevent orthostatic hypotension, which is common after surgery.

D. Assist the patient from a supine position to a standing position. Moving too quickly can cause dizziness, falls, and syncope due to orthostatic hypotension.

A. Distract the client by giving him reading material. Distraction may not address the underlying anxiety and could delay processing the client's concerns about the surgery.

B. Suggest that he take a walk around the unit. While walking can help with anxiety in some patients, it does not directly address the client's expressed concern about the surgery itself.

C. Ask him to describe his concerns. The nurse should acknowledge the patient's feelings by encouraging them to express their concerns. This helps reduce anxiety and provides valuable information for further support.

D. Refer him to the spiritual care team. While spiritual care may be beneficial later, it’s essential to first address the patient’s immediate concerns before referring them to other services.