In order for the anesthesiologist to accurately calculate the amount of anesthesia needed for an 82-year-old patient, the nurse should have data available on the medical record, such as:

time of last meal.

pulse rate and blood pressure.

height and weight.

respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Time of last meal: Time of the last meal is essential for preventing aspiration during anesthesia but does not help determine the exact amount of anesthesia needed.

B. Pulse rate and blood pressure: Pulse rate and blood pressure are important for assessing the patient's cardiovascular status but are not directly used to calculate the amount of anesthesia needed.

C. Height and weight: Height and weight are critical for calculating the correct dose of anesthesia, as these factors affect the distribution and metabolism of the drug.

D. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation: Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation are important for monitoring respiratory function, but they do not provide specific data needed to calculate the amount of anesthesia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The opinion of a second surgeon is sought regarding the necessity of the surgery. This is an appropriate course of action when consent cannot be obtained from the patient or family, especially in emergency situations to ensure the necessity of surgery.

B. The surgeon will write a detailed note about the need for surgery and a registered nurse will then sign the consent. RNs do not have the legal authority to sign surgical consent forms, which should be signed by a legal guardian or the healthcare provider in emergencies when appropriate.

C. The hospital social worker can sign the permit. Social workers do not have the authority to sign consent forms. Consent must typically come from a legally authorized individual.

D. The hospital attorney must authorize the surgery and sign the consent form. The hospital attorney is not typically involved in emergency decision-making about surgery unless there are significant legal concerns, which is not the case in this scenario.

A. Atelectasis B. Rales C. Rhonchi D. Pneumothorax

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Atelectasis. Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli due to hypoventilation, which commonly occurs postoperatively, especially in the lung bases.

B. Rales. Rales (crackles) are abnormal lung sounds associated with fluid in the alveoli, commonly seen in conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not atelectasis.

C. Rhonchi. Rhonchi are low-pitched sounds caused by mucus in the airways, often seen in chronic bronchitis or COPD.

D. Pneumothorax. Pneumothorax presents with absent breath sounds on one side, not bilaterally in the lung bases.

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