The greatest factor of stability of the hip joint comes from:
The size of the femur
The size of the muscles associated with the joint
The amount of articular cartilage at the end of the head of the femur
The depth of the acetabulum
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: While the femur is a large and strong bone, its size alone does not contribute significantly to joint stability. Stability is more dependent on the structural configuration of the joint and surrounding tissues.
Choice B reason: Muscles around the hip joint, such as the gluteals and iliopsoas, contribute to movement and dynamic stability, but they are not the primary factor in maintaining joint integrity under load.
Choice C reason: Articular cartilage provides a smooth surface for joint movement and helps reduce friction, but it does not significantly enhance joint stability. Its role is more about cushioning and facilitating motion.
Choice D reason: The depth of the acetabulum is the most critical factor in hip joint stability. This deep socket securely houses the head of the femur, forming a ball-and-socket joint that resists dislocation and supports weight-bearing activities. The acetabular labrum further deepens the socket and enhances stability.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Inversion refers to turning the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline. It is a side-to-side movement at the ankle and does not elevate the heel or involve tiptoe posture.
Choice B reason: Plantar flexion is the correct answer. It involves pointing the toes downward and lifting the heel off the ground, which is exactly the motion used when standing on tiptoes. This movement occurs at the ankle joint and is essential for actions like walking, jumping, and reaching upward.
Choice C reason: Eversion is the opposite of inversion and involves turning the sole of the foot outward. Like inversion, it is a lateral movement and unrelated to tiptoe posture.
Choice D reason: Dorsiflexion is the opposite of plantar flexion. It involves lifting the toes upward toward the shin, such as when walking on heels. It does not help in reaching upward.
Choice E reason: Supination refers to rotating the forearm so the palm faces upward or forward. It is unrelated to foot movement or standing on tiptoes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Muscle relaxation is primarily governed by the removal of calcium ions from the sarcoplasm and the cessation of neural stimulation. Wave summation, on the other hand, is a mechanism that enhances contraction, not relaxation.
Choice B reason: While wave summation can contribute to sustained contractions, it does not directly prevent fatigue. In fact, repeated summation without rest can lead to fatigue due to depletion of energy stores and accumulation of metabolic byproducts.
Choice C reason: Wave summation increases the force of muscle contraction by layering successive stimuli before the muscle has fully relaxed. This results in a stronger, more sustained contraction due to residual calcium and continued cross-bridge cycling. It is a key physiological mechanism for producing smooth and powerful movements.
Choice D reason: Calcium ion release is essential for initiating muscle contraction. Wave summation does not reduce calcium release; rather, it builds on residual calcium from previous stimuli to enhance contraction force.
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