The healthcare provider prescribes Aminophylline 165mg oral solution by mouth for an adult patient with acute severe asthma.

The label on the solution reads Aminophylline 105mg/5mL.

To administer the correct dose how many mL should the nurse give?

Choice A rationale

Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles except for those that control eye movement. The client's reported symptoms of drowsiness, irritability, and decreased attention span do not align with the typical presentation of locked-in syndrome, where cognitive function remains largely intact.

Choice B rationale

Sensory deprivation occurs when there is a reduction in sensory input, leading to various psychological and physiological effects. The client's recent loss of regular visits from her daughter and family, coupled with the reported symptoms of drowsiness, excessive sleeping, decreased attention span, irritability, and signs of depression, strongly suggest sensory deprivation as a contributing factor due to reduced social interaction and stimulation.

Choice C rationale

Residential psychosis is not a recognized or well-defined psychological or psychiatric term. Therefore, it is not an appropriate diagnosis for the client's symptoms.

Choice D rationale

Disturbed sensory perception involves alterations in the processing of sensory stimuli, such as hallucinations or delusions. While the client exhibits changes in her mental state, the reported symptoms are more indicative of a lack of sensory input and social interaction rather than distorted sensory processing.

Choice A rationale

Hypokalemia, a deficiency of potassium in the blood (normal range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L), typically leads to metabolic alkalosis due to intracellular hydrogen ion shifts. While respiratory and metabolic acid-base balances are interconnected, hypokalemia itself does not directly cause the retention of carbon dioxide, which is the hallmark of respiratory acidosis.

Choice B rationale

A high fever increases the metabolic rate, leading to increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. However, the body usually compensates for this by increasing the respiratory rate to expel the excess carbon dioxide. Therefore, while fever affects gas exchange, it is more likely to cause respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, not acidosis.

Choice C rationale

Extreme anxiety can lead to hyperventilation, causing an excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide and a subsequent decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood (PaCO2). This results in respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis, where the PaCO2 is elevated (normal range: 35-45 mmHg).

Choice D rationale

Sedative overdose depresses the central nervous system, including the respiratory center in the brainstem. This depression leads to a decrease in both the rate and depth of breathing (hypoventilation). Inadequate ventilation causes the retention of carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in PaCO2 and a decrease in blood pH (normal range: 7.35-7.45), resulting in respiratory acidosis.