The process by which bile breaks down large lipid globules into smaller lipid globules in small intestine is called ______

A. Glomerulus:The glomerulus is the filtration site; ADH/aldosterone act downstream on tubular epithelial cells, not on glomerular filtration directly.
B. Loop of Henle: The loop establishes the medullary gradient; ADH/aldosterone have limited direct action here (ADH affects water permeability mainly in collecting ducts; aldosterone acts mainly on DCT/collecting duct).
C. Vasa recta:Vasa recta are blood vessels that help preserve the medullary gradient (countercurrent exchange) but are not the primary hormone-target epithelial segments for ADH/aldosterone.
D. DCT and collecting duct:Aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption (and K⁺ secretion); ADH acts on the late DCT and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins -together they adjust water and sodium retention.

A. It promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels:Angiotensin II (RAAS mediator) is a potent vasoconstrictor, raising systemic vascular resistance and affecting renal blood flow.
B. It stimulates thirst:Angiotensin II acts on the brain (hypothalamus) to stimulate thirst and ADH release, promoting fluid intake and retention.
C. It lowers blood pressure:RAAS activation raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction and increased sodium/water retention.
D. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys:Aldosterone promotes Na⁺ reabsorption (water follows), and angiotensin II/ADH actions lead to increased water retention—overall increasing water reabsorption.
E. It stimulates the release of renin:Renin release is the initiating step of RAAS activation (triggered by low renal perfusion); once RAAS is active, angiotensin II typically provides negative feedback that suppresses further renin release rather than stimulating it.