The instructor is reviewing anatomy with a group of students. Which statement accurately describes the regions of the pharynx?
From the lower esophageal sphincter to the duodenum.
From the mucous membranes of the mouth to the tongue.
From the oral and nasal cavities to the esophagus and larynx openings.
From the oral and nasal cavities through the diaphragm to the abdomen.
The Correct Answer is C
A. From the lower esophageal sphincter to the duodenum: That describes sections of the lower GI (distal esophagus → stomach → duodenum), not the pharynx.
B. From the mucous membranes of the mouth to the tongue: This describes parts of the oral cavity; the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and includes nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
C. From the oral and nasal cavities to the esophagus and larynx openings: The pharynx connects the nasal and oral cavities above to the openings of the esophagus and larynx below (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx).
D. From the oral and nasal cavities through the diaphragm to the abdomen: That would include the esophagus and thoracoabdominal passage through the diaphragm; the pharynx does not extend through the diaphragm.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Proximal convoluted tubule: The PCT reabsorbs the majority of filtered water and solutes (≈65% Na⁺/H₂O, all filtered glucose and amino acids, many ions).
B. Efferent arteriole: An efferent arteriole is a blood vessel leaving the glomerulus (carries blood), not a tubular segment that reabsorbs filtrate.
C. Afferent arteriole: Afferent arteriole supplies blood to the glomerulus; it is not involved in tubular reabsorption.
D. Loop of Henle: The loop helps concentrate urine (water reabsorption in the descending limb, ion transport in the ascending limb) but the PCT is the primary site for bulk reabsorption.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Mastication: Mastication is the mechanical chewing of food that occurs in the mouth to break food into smaller pieces -not related to bile emulsifying fats.
B. Peristalsis: Peristalsis are wave-like smooth muscle contractions that propel contents through the GI tract -helps move chyme but does not chemically/physically disperse fat droplets like bile does.
C. Emulsification: Emulsification is the process by which bile salts surround and break large fat globules into many small droplets, increasing surface area for lipase action.
D. Deglutition: Deglutition is the act of swallowing, moving a bolus from the mouth into the pharynx and esophagus -not the process of bile acting on lipids.
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