The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like the child's older brother had when he was an infant. The nurse should base her response on which of the following?

Vaccinations to prevent pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis are available.

Often a genetic predisposition to meningitis is found.

Meningitis rarely occurs during infancy

Vaccination to prevent all types of meningitis is now available

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Vaccinations to prevent pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis are available.

Explanation: This statement is true. Vaccinations to prevent certain types of bacterial meningitis are available. Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccines are included in routine childhood immunization schedules to protect against the bacteria that can cause meningitis and other serious infections. These vaccines have significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis in infants and children.

B) Often a genetic predisposition to meningitis is found.

Explanation: This statement is generally false. While there may be some genetic factors that influence susceptibility to infections, including meningitis, genetic predisposition is not a primary consideration when discussing the risk of meningitis. Meningitis is more commonly caused by bacterial or viral infections, and genetic predisposition is not a significant factor in its occurrence.

C) Meningitis rarely occurs during infancy.

Explanation: This statement is false. Meningitis can occur in infants, including newborns. In fact, infants are one of the age groups at higher risk for meningitis due to their underdeveloped immune systems and susceptibility to infections. Bacterial meningitis, in particular, can be severe and life-threatening in infants.

D) Vaccination to prevent all types of meningitis is now available.

Explanation: This statement is not entirely accurate. While vaccinations are available to prevent certain types of bacterial meningitis (such as pneumococcal and Hib meningitis), there is no single vaccine that can prevent all types of meningitis. Meningitis can be caused by various bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, and the vaccines target specific ones. It's important for caregivers to ensure that their infants receive recommended vaccines to protect against the most common causes of meningitis.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. The fact that the patient is male

Incorrect Explanation: The patient's gender does not directly provide important information about the history of reflux.

Explanation: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters, can affect individuals of any gender. While gender might have some implications for certain conditions, it is not a critical factor in understanding the history of reflux.

B. The fact that the patient is female.

Incorrect Explanation: The patient's gender does not directly provide important information about the history of reflux.

Explanation: Just like with the previous option, the patient's gender does not play a significant role in the history of vesicoureteral reflux. The condition can affect both males and females.

C. Developmental milestones

Correct Explanation: Developmental milestones are important in understanding the history of reflux.

Explanation: Developmental milestones are significant because VUR is more common in infants and young children. Infants and young children have a higher likelihood of developing reflux due to the immaturity of their urinary tract systems. Knowing about the patient's developmental milestones can help assess the risk and potential severity of reflux.

D. The number of urinary tract infections the patient has had

Correct Explanation: The number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is important in understanding the history of reflux.

Explanation: Repeated urinary tract infections can be a sign of vesicoureteral reflux. The backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters can contribute to UTIs. Monitoring the frequency of UTIs can provide insights into the presence and severity of reflux.

A. Places the infant in a side-lying position. B. Maintains a dry dressing over the sac C. Performs range of motion on the infant's hips D. Takes an axillary temperature

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Places the infant in a side-lying position:

Positioning is important in the care of an infant with myelomeningocele. The infant is usually placed in a prone (on the abdomen) position to prevent pressure on the sac and protect the neural tissue. Placing the infant in a side-lying position may not provide the needed protection.

B) Maintains a dry dressing over the sac:

The sac should be kept moist with a sterile, non-adherent dressing moistened with saline to prevent drying and cracking, which could lead to infection.

C) Performs range of motion on the infant's hips:

Infants with myelomeningocele often have flaccid paralysis below the lesion, and excessive manipulation of the lower limbs could cause injury.

D) Takes an axillary temperature:

Rectal temperatures should never be taken, as they can cause mucosal damage or irritate the exposed spinal cord, leading to complications like meningitis. The axillary route is the safest method for temperature assessment.

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The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like the child's older brother had when he was an infant. The nurse should base her response on which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

We know that reflux refers to the retrograde flow of bladder urine into the ureters, which of the following items are important information in the patient’s history? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is orienting a newly licensed nurse in the care of an infant who has myelomeningocele. Which of the following actions by the new nurse indicates the teaching has been effective?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like the child's older brother had when he was an infant. The nurse should base her response on which of the following?

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