The nurse administers loperamide to a client. The nurse expects to decrease the client's number and liquidity of stool by what mechanism?
decreasing intestinal motility
absorbing toxins
binding with fecal material to increase bulk
blocking the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
The Correct Answer is A
A. decreasing intestinal motility: Loperamide is an opioid-receptor agonist that works primarily by slowing peristalsis in the intestines. This prolongs transit time, allowing more water and electrolytes to be absorbed, which leads to firmer stools and reduced frequency.
B. absorbing toxins: Loperamide does not have the ability to bind or neutralize intestinal toxins. Medications such as activated charcoal or specific antibiotics are used in cases where toxin absorption or elimination is necessary, not loperamide.
C. binding with fecal material to increase bulk: Bulk-forming agents like psyllium work by increasing stool mass to stimulate bowel movement. Loperamide has the opposite effect, reducing motility rather than promoting it, and does not act by bulking the stool.
D. blocking the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ): The CTZ is involved in nausea and vomiting, not diarrhea. Drugs that block the CTZ, such as ondansetron or metoclopramide, are used as antiemetics, not antidiarrheals like loperamide.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["5"]
Explanation
Desired dose per administration = 20 mg.
- Determine the number of administrations in 24 hours.
"twice a day," which means 2 administrations in 24 hours.
- Calculate the total milligrams administered in 24 hours.
Total mg in 24 hours = 20 mg/dose × 2 doses/day
= 40 mg/day.
Available concentration = 40 mg/5 mL.
- Calculate the total milliliters to be given in 24 hours.
Volume (mL) = Total mg in 24 hours / (Available concentration (mg) / Available volume (mL))
= 40 mg / (40 mg / 5 mL)
= 40 mg / 8 mg/mL
= 5 mL.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Reduce the fiber in your diet.": Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, work similarly to dietary fiber by absorbing water and increasing stool bulk. Reducing dietary fiber would counteract the intended therapeutic effect and is not advised during treatment.
B. "This medication will make you drowsy.": Bulk-forming laxatives do not have central nervous system effects and are not associated with sedation or drowsiness. This side effect is more relevant for medications like antihistamines or opioid analgesics.
C. "Drink plenty of fluid while taking this.": Adequate fluid intake is essential when using bulk-forming laxatives to prevent intestinal obstruction. Water helps the fiber expand and form a soft, bulky stool, which promotes effective and safe bowel movements.
D. "This laxative can be addictive.": Unlike stimulant laxatives, bulk-forming agents do not cause dependency or lead to laxative abuse. They are safe for long-term use when taken with sufficient water and proper diet.
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