The nurse auscultates a client's breath sounds as seen in the picture. Which type of normal sounds should the nurse hear over these lung fields?

Crackles.

Vesicular.

Bronchial.

Wheezes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.Crackles: Crackles, also known as rales, are abnormal lung sounds that can indicate conditions such as pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or interstitial lung disease. They are often described as fine or coarse, and they may be heard during inspiration, expiration, or both. Crackles are typically heard over areas of fluid-filled alveoli or small airways.

B. Vesicular. These sounds are typically heard over most of the lung fields and are associated with normal airflow through smaller airways.

C. Bronchial: Bronchial breath sounds are typically heard over the trachea and mainstem bronchi. These sounds are louder and higher in pitch compared to vesicular sounds, with a shorter inspiratory phase and a longer expiratory phase. Hearing bronchial sounds over peripheral lung fields would suggest consolidation or compression of lung tissue, such as in pneumonia or atelectasis.

D. Wheezes: Wheezes are high-pitched, musical sounds heard primarily during expiration. They are typically associated with narrowed airways, such as in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or bronchitis. Wheezes may be heard over the lung fields if there is widespread airway obstruction or bronchoconstriction.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Increase fibre in diet and add daily prune juice: Increasing dietary fibre and adding prune juice can help promote bowel movements and relieve constipation. However, this is a long-term solution and might not address any immediate underlying issues.

B. Perform a digital examination for faecal impaction: This invasive procedure can confirm or rule out faecal impaction, which is a potential cause of severe constipation, especially in older adults. However, it's not typically the first step without further assessment.

C. Assess type and frequency of physical activities: Physical activity affects bowel motility. Assessing activity levels can provide insight into one possible cause of constipation. However, this should come after assessing more direct symptoms.

D. Check bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness: This is a non-invasive initial assessment that can provide important information about the client's bowel activity and potential obstructions. It helps determine the next steps for diagnosis and treatment.

A. Offer the child bubbles before the stethoscope is placed. B. Allow the child to use a stethoscope on a stuffed animal. C. Place a toy in the child's hands while listening to the breath sounds. D. Have the child blow a cotton ball and have the parent catch it.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Offer the child bubbles before the stethoscope is placed. Blowing bubbles can help distract the child and make them more relaxed, but it may not be as effective as involving the child directly in the process.

B. Allow the child to use a stethoscope on a stuffed animal. This is an effective approach as it involves the child in the process, making them more comfortable and cooperative. It helps demystify the stethoscope and can reduce fear or anxiety.

C. Place a toy in the child's hands while listening to the breath sounds. Holding a toy can be distracting and help keep the child still, but it does not directly involve the child in the assessment process as effectively as letting them use the stethoscope.

D. Have the child blow a cotton ball and have the parent catch it. Blowing a cotton ball can help with deep breathing, which is useful for lung auscultation. However, it may not ensure the child's cooperation throughout the entire assessment as effectively as option B.

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The nurse auscultates a client's breath sounds as seen in the picture. Which type of normal sounds should the nurse hear over these lung fields?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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