The nurse caring for a client with diabetes, type 2 who has a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL noted an increase in urine output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Decreased sodium in the client's urine.
Presence of glucose in the client's urine.
Decreased potassium in the client's urine.
Presence of ketones in the client's urine.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Typically, in hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), sodium may be retained, not decreased, due to the osmotic effect of glucose. Increased urine output can lead to some sodium loss, but it is not the primary concern here.
B. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (around 180 mg/dL), the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, and it spills over into the urine. This leads to glucosuria (glucose in urine), which is common in uncontrolled diabetes.
C. Hyperglycemia can initially cause increased potassium levels in the blood due to shifts between intracellular and extracellular compartments. However, increased urination (polyuria) can eventually lead to potassium loss, not decreased potassium in urine.
D. Ketones in the urine (ketonuria) are more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes or in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is often associated with severe insulin deficiency and fat breakdown. While it's possible to see ketones in type 2 diabetes, this is not typically the first finding with a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The catheter (infusion set) should generally be changed every 2 to 3 days, not every week, to avoid infection or issues with insulin delivery.
B. Insulin pumps are typically filled with rapid-acting insulin (such as insulin aspart, lispro, or glulisine) because it starts working quickly to help control blood glucose levels throughout the day.
C. The pump can be removed temporarily for activities like showering or swimming, though the catheter or infusion set must remain in place. However, clients should not remove the pump for extended periods without consulting their healthcare provider.
D. Clients using an insulin pump should check their blood glucose levels multiple times per day, typically before meals and at bedtime, to ensure accurate insulin dosing and blood sugar control.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Milk contains calcium, which can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine and decrease its effectiveness. It is not recommended to take it with milk.
B. Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach for optimal absorption. Taking it with food, especially on a full stomach, may reduce its effectiveness.
C. While vitamin C in orange juice may enhance the absorption of some medications, it is not recommended for levothyroxine. It is best absorbed when taken with water, not juice.
D. Two hours before a meal Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach, ideally 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast, but taking it at least two hours before a meal ensures the best absorption and avoids food interactions.
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