The nurse caring for a client with diabetes, type 2 who has a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL noted an increase in urine output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Decreased sodium in the client's urine.

Presence of glucose in the client's urine.

Decreased potassium in the client's urine.

Presence of ketones in the client's urine.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Typically, in hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), sodium may be retained, not decreased, due to the osmotic effect of glucose. Increased urine output can lead to some sodium loss, but it is not the primary concern here.
B. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (around 180 mg/dL), the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, and it spills over into the urine. This leads to glucosuria (glucose in urine), which is common in uncontrolled diabetes.
C. Hyperglycemia can initially cause increased potassium levels in the blood due to shifts between intracellular and extracellular compartments. However, increased urination (polyuria) can eventually lead to potassium loss, not decreased potassium in urine.
D. Ketones in the urine (ketonuria) are more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes or in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is often associated with severe insulin deficiency and fat breakdown. While it's possible to see ketones in type 2 diabetes, this is not typically the first finding with a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Running on a treadmill may not be the safest or most beneficial exercise for someone with Parkinson's disease. People with Parkinson's disease often experience motor symptoms like rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and balance issues, which can make running difficult and increase the risk of falls. Low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or cycling are generally recommended to maintain mobility and safety.
B. This is appropriate. Stretching exercises are important for maintaining flexibility and preventing muscle stiffness in Parkinson's disease. Physical therapy can help guide the client in exercises that are safe and beneficial.
C. This is a good choice. Swimming provides a low-impact, full-body workout that can help improve strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness, which is beneficial for individuals with Parkinson's disease.
D. Gardening is an appropriate and enjoyable activity for someone with Parkinson's disease. It encourages movement and is a great way to engage in physical activity while also promoting emotional well-being.

A. "Keep your feet clean and check them daily for any breaks in the skin." B. "Use a heating pad to keep hands and feet warm." C. "You should not get the pneumonia vaccine." D. "Schedule eye examinations and be sure to attend them every 5 years.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Foot care is crucial for individuals with diabetes due to the increased risk of neuropathy and poor circulation. Daily inspection for cuts, blisters, or other injuries is vital to prevent infections and complications, such as diabetic ulcers or amputations.
B. Heating pads should not be used by people with diabetes, as they may not be able to feel the heat due to diabetic neuropathy. This increases the risk of burns and injury. It is safer to use other methods for warming hands and feet, such as wearing socks or gloves.
C. People with diabetes are at an increased risk for infections, including pneumonia. The pneumonia vaccine (PPSV23 and/or PCV13) is recommended for individuals with diabetes to help reduce the risk of pneumonia. This statement is false.
D. People with diabetes should have regular eye examinations, but they should be scheduled annually, not every 5 years. Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which can cause vision loss if not monitored and treated promptly. Annual eye exams are recommended to detect any changes early.

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The nurse caring for a client with diabetes, type 2 who has a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL noted an increase in urine output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

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