The nurse caring for a client with diabetes, type 2 who has a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL noted an increase in urine output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Decreased sodium in the client's urine.

Presence of glucose in the client's urine.

Decreased potassium in the client's urine.

Presence of ketones in the client's urine.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Typically, in hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), sodium may be retained, not decreased, due to the osmotic effect of glucose. Increased urine output can lead to some sodium loss, but it is not the primary concern here.
B. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (around 180 mg/dL), the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, and it spills over into the urine. This leads to glucosuria (glucose in urine), which is common in uncontrolled diabetes.
C. Hyperglycemia can initially cause increased potassium levels in the blood due to shifts between intracellular and extracellular compartments. However, increased urination (polyuria) can eventually lead to potassium loss, not decreased potassium in urine.
D. Ketones in the urine (ketonuria) are more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes or in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is often associated with severe insulin deficiency and fat breakdown. While it's possible to see ketones in type 2 diabetes, this is not typically the first finding with a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia) typically causes increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased appetite (polyphagia), not decreased thirst and appetite. This occurs due to the body’s attempt to compensate for the excess glucose in the blood.
B. While osmotic factors (such as increased glucose in the urine) contribute to dehydration and increased thirst, increased appetite (polyphagia) in diabetes is primarily caused by the body's inability to effectively use glucose, leading to a sensation of hunger despite high blood sugar.
C. The increased appetite in diabetes is related to the body’s inability to properly utilize glucose, not an anabolic state. The body compensates for the perceived lack of energy, leading to hunger.
D. Frequent urination (polyuria) in diabetes is due to the osmotic diuresis caused by elevated blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine, which pulls water along with it, leading to increased urination.

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

determine how many capsules the nurse should administer for 1 dose, we first need to divide the total daily dose by the number of doses:

1,800 mg ÷ 3 doses = 600 mg per dose.

Now, since each capsule contains 300 mg, we divide the dose by the amount per capsule:

600 mg ÷ 300 mg per capsule = 2 capsules.

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The nurse caring for a client with diabetes, type 2 who has a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL noted an increase in urine output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is developing a staff education program about diabetes mellitus, type 2. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the program?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is administering prescribed gabapentin (Neurontin) 1,800 mg, PO, daily, divided into 3 doses. The medication is supplied in 300 mg capsules. How many capsules should the nurse administer for 1 dose? Do not round your answer. Enter numeric value only.

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

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