During a health education session, a participant asked the nurse about the hepatitis B virus. What measure will the nurse recommend for preventing infection with this virus?

Following proper handwashing and use of masks.

Avoiding chemicals that are toxic and polluted air.

Public health education and vaccination.

Limiting alcohol intake of red and white wine.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Following proper handwashing and use of masks: While handwashing and wearing masks are important infection control measures, they are not specific to preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. While HBV can be present in blood and certain body fluids, such as semen and vaginal fluids, the primary modes of transmission are through activities that involve percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex, sharing needles, or accidental needlesticks. While hand hygiene and mask use are crucial in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of various infections, including HBV, they may not offer sufficient protection against HBV transmission in all situations.

B. Avoiding chemicals that are toxic and polluted air: While avoiding toxic chemicals and polluted air is important for overall health and may support liver health indirectly, it is not directly related to preventing HBV infection. HBV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids rather than environmental factors such as air pollution or exposure to toxic chemicals.

C. Public health education and vaccination: This is the most appropriate measure for preventing HBV infection. Public health education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about the risks of HBV transmission and promoting behaviors that reduce the risk of exposure, such as safe sex practices, avoiding sharing needles, and seeking medical care for potential exposures. Additionally, vaccination against HBV is highly effective in preventing infection and is recommended for all individuals, particularly those at increased risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, and individuals who inject drugs. Vaccination not only protects vaccinated individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall prevalence of HBV in the population.

D. Limiting alcohol intake of red and white wine: While limiting alcohol intake is important for liver health, particularly in individuals with liver disease, it is not specifically aimed at preventing HBV infection. Excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to liver damage and may exacerbate liver disease in individuals infected with HBV. However, it does not directly address the risk of HBV transmission.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Having the primary provider prescribe a CT:
Prescribing a CT scan is not the initial action for assessing nonpalpable pedal pulses. CT scans are typically used for imaging purposes and are not the primary diagnostic tool for assessing peripheral pulses.

B. Apply a tourniquet for 3 to 5 minutes and then reassess:
While applying a tourniquet may increase the visibility of pulses in some cases, it is not the recommended method for assessing pedal pulses, especially if they are nonpalpable. Tourniquet use carries risks, such as tissue damage or ischemia, and is not a standard practice for assessing pulses.

C. Elevate the extremity and attempt to palpate the pulses:
Elevating the extremity may improve blood flow and make pulses easier to palpate, but if the pulses are nonpalpable, simply elevating the extremity may not be sufficient for assessment. Additionally, palpation alone may not accurately detect pulses in some cases.

D. Use the doppler ultrasound to detect pedal pulses:
This is the most appropriate action. Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic tool commonly used to assess peripheral pulses, especially when they are nonpalpable. It uses sound waves to detect blood flow and can provide accurate information about the presence and strength of pedal pulses. Using a doppler ultrasound can help confirm the status of pedal pulses and guide further management.

A. Apply a heating pad to the lower extremities for pain. B. Always wear sot shoes or slippers when out of bed. C. Wear knee high sight socks D. Put cream or lotion between the toes

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Apply a heating pad to the lower extremities for pain: Heat application can increase vasodilation and worsen symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Therefore, it is not recommended as a pain management strategy for PAD.

B. Always wear soft shoes or slippers when out of bed: This instruction is important for patients with PAD to protect their feet from injury and provide adequate support. Soft shoes or slippers help prevent trauma and pressure ulcers, which are common complications in patients with reduced peripheral circulation.

C. Wear knee-high tight socks: Tight socks can restrict blood flow and exacerbate symptoms in patients with PAD. It is important to encourage patients to wear loose-fitting socks to promote adequate circulation.

D. Put cream or lotion between the toes: Moisture between the toes can increase the risk of fungal infections, which can be particularly problematic in patients with compromised circulation. It is important to keep the feet clean and dry and avoid applying cream or lotion between the toes.

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During a health education session, a participant asked the nurse about the hepatitis B virus. What measure will the nurse recommend for preventing infection with this virus?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the assessment of the patient, the nurse finds nonpalpable pedal pulses in the affected leg. How will the nurse proceed with assessment?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is developing a discharge teaching plan for a patient diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. Which instruction will the nurse include in the plan?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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