The nurse is administering immunizations to children in a neighborhood clinic. What is the most frequent route of administration?
Oral
Intradermal
Intramuscular
Topical
The Correct Answer is C
A. Oral: Only a few vaccines, such as the rotavirus and oral polio vaccines, are given orally. While effective for specific immunizations, this route is not the most frequently used in general pediatric immunization schedules.
B. Intradermal: The intradermal route is used rarely, primarily for tuberculosis (Mantoux) testing or specific research-based vaccines. It is not commonly used for routine childhood immunizations.
C. Intramuscular: The intramuscular route is the most common method for administering vaccines in children. It ensures optimal immune response and rapid absorption. Common vaccines given intramuscularly include DTaP, Hepatitis B, and influenza vaccines.
D. Topical: Topical administration is not used for vaccination. This route is typically used for local skin treatments or analgesic applications, not for systemic immunization purposes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased intracranial pressure: Persistent or pronounced bulging of the fontanel when the infant is calm can indicate increased intracranial pressure, but brief bulging during crying is not abnormal and does not suggest this condition.
B. Overhydration: Overhydration may cause generalized edema, but it does not specifically result in a transient bulging of the fontanel. The brief change seen here is related to crying and increased venous pressure, not fluid overload.
C. Dehydration: Dehydration usually causes the fontanels to appear sunken due to decreased fluid volume. A brief bulging fontanel would not align with this finding.
D. These are normal findings: A pulsating and briefly bulging posterior fontanel during crying is a normal observation in newborns. The pulsation reflects normal blood flow, and transient bulging occurs due to increased intracranial venous pressure during crying or straining.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased urinary output: Polyuria is not a characteristic sign of lead poisoning. Lead primarily affects the hematologic, neurologic, and gastrointestinal systems rather than directly influencing renal water regulation, unless nephropathy develops in chronic exposure.
B. Anorexia: Loss of appetite is a common manifestation of acute lead poisoning due to the toxic effects of lead on the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The child may also experience abdominal pain, irritability, and constipation in addition to decreased appetite.
C. Jaundice: Jaundice is not typically associated with lead poisoning. Although lead interferes with heme synthesis, it does not usually cause bilirubin accumulation or liver dysfunction that would result in jaundice.
D. Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal upset can occur, but diarrhea is not as common as constipation in lead toxicity. Lead decreases peristalsis and causes smooth muscle spasm in the intestines, leading more often to constipation than to diarrhea.
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