The nurse is applying standard precautions in the care of a patient who has a history of human immunodeficiency virus. What key element of standard precaution?

Using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

Placing patient in positive pressure isolation room

Placing patient in contact precautions

Wearing gloves at all times.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): Standard precautions include the use of PPE such as gloves, masks, gowns, and eye protection when caring for all patients, regardless of their known or suspected infectious status. This helps prevent the transmission of pathogens between the patient and the healthcare provider.

B. Placing patient in positive pressure isolation room: Placing a patient in a positive pressure isolation room is not a component of standard precautions. Positive pressure rooms are typically used for patients with compromised immune systems to protect them from exposure to airborne pathogens. Standard precautions should be followed regardless of the patient's room type.

C. Placing patient in contact precautions: Contact precautions involve specific measures to prevent the transmission of pathogens through direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment. While contact precautions may be necessary for certain infectious diseases, they are not a component of standard precautions.

D. Wearing gloves at all times: While wearing gloves is part of standard precautions, it is not the only key element. Standard precautions also include other forms of PPE such as masks, gowns, and eye protection, as well as other infection control practices such as hand hygiene and environmental cleaning.

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Correct Answer is ["42"]

Explanation

To calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to be infused over 24 hours, you would divide the total volume (1000 mL) by the total time (24 hours):

1000 mL ÷ 24 hr = approximately 41.67 mL/hr

Rounded to the nearest whole number, the IV pump should be set to deliver 42 mL/hr.

A. Oral candidiasis and nausea B. Genital ulcer and vomiting C. Memory deficit and apathy D. Progressive dyspnea and fever

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Oral candidiasis and nausea: Oral candidiasis (thrush) and nausea are common manifestations in patients with AIDS, particularly when the CD4 count is low. While these symptoms require intervention, they are not typically considered emergent or immediately life-threatening.

B. Genital ulcer and vomiting: Genital ulcers and vomiting can occur in patients with AIDS due to various opportunistic infections and conditions. While these symptoms may warrant intervention, they are not typically indicative of an immediate life-threatening situation.

C. Memory deficit and apathy: Memory deficits and apathy can occur in patients with AIDS, particularly as the disease progresses. While these cognitive and behavioral changes may impact the patient's quality of life and require intervention, they are not typically considered emergent or immediately life-threatening.

D. Progressive dyspnea and fever: Progressive dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and fever are concerning findings in a patient with AIDS, especially with a CD4 count less than 200. These symptoms may indicate the presence of opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), which can rapidly progress and lead to respiratory failure and death if not promptly treated. Therefore, these assessment findings require immediate intervention to assess for and manage potential respiratory compromise and systemic infection.

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The nurse is applying standard precautions in the care of a patient who has a history of human immunodeficiency virus. What key element of standard precaution?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer total parental nutrition (TPN) 1000 mL to infuse over 24 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr.? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero fit applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["42"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) whose most recent laboratory values reveal a CD4 level less than 200. Which assessment findings require immediate intervention?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The nurse is applying standard precautions in the care of a patient who has a history of human immunodeficiency virus. What key element of standard precaution?