The nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking metoprolol as a second medication to control hypertension. The nurse will assess for which side effect?

Diarrhea

Insomnia

Urinary retention

Gum changes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a common side effect of metoprolol, a beta-blocker medication commonly used to treat hypertension. While gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea or constipation may occur, diarrhea is not typically associated with metoprolol use.

B. Insomnia: Insomnia, or difficulty falling or staying asleep, is a potential side effect of metoprolol. Beta-blockers like metoprolol may interfere with sleep patterns in some individuals, leading to insomnia. It is important for the nurse to assess the patient for changes in sleep patterns while taking metoprolol.

C. Urinary retention: Urinary retention, or the inability to completely empty the bladder, is not a common side effect of metoprolol. In fact, beta-blockers like metoprolol are more likely to cause urinary frequency or urgency rather than retention.

D. Gum changes: Gum changes, such as gingival hyperplasia, are not typically associated with metoprolol use. This side effect is more commonly associated with certain other medications, such as calcium channel blockers or anticonvulsants.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Pedal edema: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause peripheral edema as a side effect due to its vasodilatory effects on arterioles. This can manifest as swelling, particularly in the feet and ankles.

B. Muscle cramps: Muscle cramps are a known side effect of amlodipine. While the mechanism is not fully understood, calcium channel blockers like amlodipine can disrupt calcium ion flux in muscle cells, potentially leading to muscle cramping.

C. Dizziness: Dizziness is a common side effect of amlodipine, particularly during the initial period of treatment or when dosage adjustments are made. It is believed to be related to its vasodilatory effects and subsequent lowering of blood pressure.

D. Sexual dysfunction: Sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction, has been reported as a side effect of amlodipine in some patients. The exact mechanism is not well understood but may be related to alterations in blood flow or neurohormonal effects.

E. Bradycardia: Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a typical side effect of amlodipine. Amlodipine primarily acts as a vasodilator and does not typically affect heart rate. In fact, it may cause reflex tachycardia (increased heart rate) in some individuals as a compensatory response to its vasodilatory effects.

A. " I should avoid bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods" B. " I should eat BRAT det such as bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast" C. " I should avoid foods high in calories and proteins" D. "I should stop smoking and keep myself hydrated. "

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I should avoid bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods": This statement demonstrates an understanding of dietary modifications to help manage recurrent diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Avoiding bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods can help reduce gastrointestinal distress and improve symptoms.

B. "I should eat BRAT diet such as bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast": The BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast) is a bland diet often recommended for individuals with diarrhea because it is easy to digest and can help firm up stools. This statement indicates appropriate understanding of dietary recommendations for managing diarrhea.

C. "I should avoid foods high in calories and proteins": This statement is incorrect and requires further clarification. Individuals with AIDS, especially those experiencing recurrent diarrhea, often have increased nutritional needs due to malabsorption, increased metabolism, and the body's increased energy requirements to fight infection. Avoiding foods high in calories and proteins can lead to malnutrition and worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, this statement requires correction.

D. "I should stop smoking and keep myself hydrated": This statement is appropriate and indicates understanding of important lifestyle modifications to manage diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Smoking cessation can improve overall health, while staying hydrated is essential to prevent dehydration associated with diarrhea.

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The nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking metoprolol as a second medication to control hypertension. The nurse will assess for which side effect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a patient who was recently switched to amlodipine. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is experiencing side effects of the drug? Select All That Apply

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

The nurse has given nutritional instructions to a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has recurrent diarrhea. Which statement by the patient requires further instructions?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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