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The nurse is assessing a client in group therapy on which type of techniques for modifying behaviors would be most appropriate. The nurse has decided to use covert sensitization. Which of the following statementbest describes this type of therapy?

Decreases or eliminates a behavior by introducing a more adaptive behavior that is incompatible with the unacceptable behavior.

Is an aversion therapy that produces unpleasant consequences for undesirable behavior.

An aversive stimulus or punishment during which the client is removed from the environment where the unacceptable behavior is being exhibited.

Relies on individual's imagination rather than medication for unpleasant symptoms.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is choice B: Is an aversion therapy that produces unpleasant consequences for undesirable behavior.

Choice A rationale:

Decreases or eliminates a behavior by introducing a more adaptive behavior that is incompatible with the unacceptable behavior. Choice A refers to the technique of "differential reinforcement," where an undesirable behavior is replaced by a more appropriate behavior. This technique involves reinforcing positive behaviors while ignoring or providing minimal attention to negative behaviors. It is not the same as covert sensitization.

Choice B rationale:

Is an aversion therapy that produces unpleasant consequences for undesirable behavior. Covert sensitization is a form of aversion therapy used to eliminate unwanted behaviors by associating them with unpleasant imagery or thoughts. It's based on the principle that if a person can associate a negative response with a certain behavior, they will be less likely to engage in that behavior. This technique is used for behaviors like addiction or certain compulsive behaviors.

Choice C rationale:

An aversive stimulus or punishment during which the client is removed from the environment where the unacceptable behavior is being exhibited. Choice C refers to "time-out," a technique used to decrease undesirable behaviors by removing the individual from the environment where the behavior is occurring. This is often used with children and involves giving them a brief break from a situation to help them calm down. It's not the same as covert sensitization.

Choice D rationale:

Relies on an individual's imagination rather than medication for unpleasant symptoms. Choice D is not directly related to covert sensitization. Covert sensitization involves creating a negative association with a behavior using mental imagery. It's not about relying on imagination instead of medication.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The correct answer is choicea. Low self-esteem,b. Family history of addiction, andd. Personality disorders.

Choice A rationale:

Low self-esteem is considered a risk factor for addictive disorders.Individuals with low self-esteem may use substances as a coping mechanism to deal with negative feelings about themselves.

Choice B rationale:

A family history of addiction is a significant risk factor.Genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in the development of addictive behaviors.

Choice C rationale:

Asian ethnicity is not typically considered an etiological factor for addictive disorders.In fact, some studies suggest that certain genetic factors in Asian populations may reduce the risk of alcohol addiction.

Choice D rationale:

Personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder, are associated with a higher risk of substance use disorders.These disorders can lead to behaviors that increase the likelihood of addiction.

Choice E rationale:

Being female is not a direct etiological factor for addictive disorders.However, gender can influence the patterns and consequences of substance use, with males generally having a higher prevalence of substance use disorders.

A. Delayed language development. B. Consistent limit testing. C. Spinning a toy repetitively. D. Short attention span. E. Ritualistic behavior.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

The correct answers are: a. Delayed language development, c. Spinning a toy repetitively, and e. Ritualistic behavior.

Explanation:

Choice A Rationale: Delayed language development is a common characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD may exhibit difficulties in acquiring and using language appropriately, including delayed onset of speech, limited vocabulary, and challenges with syntax and pragmatics. This delay can significantly impact their ability to communicate effectively and engage in social interactions. Early intervention strategies, such as speech therapy and alternative communication methods, are often implemented to support language development in children with ASD.

Choice B Rationale: Consistent limit testing, characterized by challenging authority and testing boundaries, is not a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While some children with ASD may exhibit behaviors that appear oppositional or defiant, such behaviors are more commonly associated with other conditions such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD). ASD is primarily characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Choice C Rationale: Spinning a toy repetitively is a stereotypical behavior often observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Repetitive behaviors, including spinning objects, rocking back and forth, or hand-flapping, are considered one of the core diagnostic criteria for ASD. These behaviors serve various functions for individuals with ASD, including sensory stimulation, self-soothing, or reducing anxiety. While repetitive behaviors can vary widely among individuals with ASD, they are a recognizable feature of the disorder.

Choice D Rationale: A short attention span is not a specific characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While some children with ASD may exhibit difficulties with attention and focus, particularly in tasks that do not align with their specific interests or preferences, attention deficits are not universal among individuals with ASD. Additionally, attention difficulties are not considered a primary diagnostic criterion for ASD. Other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are more commonly associated with impairments in attention and concentration.

Choice E Rationale: Ritualistic behavior, such as engaging in specific routines or repetitive actions, is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD often demonstrate a preference for predictability and sameness in their environment, leading to the development of rigid routines or rituals. These behaviors can serve as a source of comfort or security for individuals with ASD, providing structure and predictability in an otherwise unpredictable world. Ritualistic behaviors can manifest in various forms, such as insisting on following the same daily schedule, arranging objects in a specific order, or becoming distressed when routines are disrupted.

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The nurse is assessing a client in group therapy on which type of techniques for modifying behaviors would be most appropriate. The nurse has decided to use covert sensitization. Which of the following statementbest describes this type of therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A charge nurse is preparing an educational session about addictive disorders for the nursing staff. Which of the following should the nurse include as etiological factors of addictive disorders? (Select all that apply).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a child who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

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