The nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency. Which clinical manifestations are consistent with this diagnosis? Select All That Apply
Superficial ulcers in the calves
Dilatation of superficial veins
Shiny skin
Blackened toes
Dependent rubor
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
A. Superficial ulcers in the calves: Chronic venous insufficiency can lead to poor circulation in the lower legs, causing tissue damage and the development of superficial ulcers, typically located around the ankles or calves.
B. Dilatation of superficial veins: One of the hallmark signs of chronic venous insufficiency is the visible dilatation (enlargement) of superficial veins, often seen as varicose veins, due to the impaired return of blood to the heart.
C. Shiny skin: Chronic venous insufficiency can cause changes in the skin texture, including thinning and a shiny appearance. This occurs due to chronic edema and impaired circulation in the affected area.
D. Blackened toes: Blackened toes are not typically associated with chronic venous insufficiency. This symptom is more commonly seen in conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD) or severe ischemia.
E. Dependent rubor: Dependent rubor, characterized by reddish-blue discoloration of the lower extremities when in a dependent position (e.g., hanging off the bed), can occur in chronic venous insufficiency due to impaired venous return and pooling of blood in the lower extremities.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["42"]
Explanation
To calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to be infused over 24 hours, you would divide the total volume (1000 mL) by the total time (24 hours):
1000 mL ÷ 24 hr = approximately 41.67 mL/hr
Rounded to the nearest whole number, the IV pump should be set to deliver 42 mL/hr.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Answer: D
Rationale:
A) A renal ultrasound: A renal ultrasound is not typically used to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension. While renal artery stenosis can contribute to hypertension in some cases, it is not the primary diagnostic test for hypertension.
B) A cardiac stress test: A cardiac stress test is not used to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension. It is primarily used to assess cardiovascular function and detect coronary artery disease or cardiac arrhythmias.
C) A manual blood pressure cuff: While manual blood pressure measurements can provide accurate readings, they are subject to potential inaccuracies due to factors such as observer bias and white coat syndrome. Therefore, they may not be the most reliable method for confirming a diagnosis of hypertension.
D) Ambulatory blood pressure measurement: Ambulatory blood pressure measurement involves obtaining multiple blood pressure readings over a 24-hour period using a portable monitor. It is considered the gold standard for diagnosing hypertension, as it provides a more comprehensive assessment of blood pressure variability and reduces the impact of white coat syndrome. Therefore, it is the preferred diagnostic test in this scenario to confirm whether the patient has hypertension outside of the clinical setting.
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