The nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with hypertension several years ago. What assessment finding may indicate that target organ damage is now occurring?

A. Urinary retention: While urinary retention can occur in conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or neurogenic bladder, it is not a typical manifestation of hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergencies primarily involve acute and severe elevations in blood pressure, which can lead to target organ damage, but urinary retention is not a direct consequence.

B. Headache: Headache is a common symptom associated with hypertension, especially during hypertensive emergencies. However, it is not specific to hypertensive emergencies and can occur in less severe cases of hypertension as well.

C. Jaundice: Jaundice is not a typical manifestation of hypertensive emergency. It is more commonly associated with liver dysfunction or hemolytic disorders rather than acute elevations in blood pressure.

D. Tachycardia: Tachycardia, or an elevated heart rate, is a hallmark sign of hypertensive emergency. When blood pressure rises significantly, the heart may respond by increasing its rate to maintain cardiac output. Tachycardia is indicative of the body's compensatory mechanisms in response to the acute hypertension and can be a sign of impending cardiovascular complications.

A. Cereals: Cereals, especially whole grains like oats, barley, and brown rice, are rich in dietary fiber, which is beneficial for managing hypertension. Dietary fiber helps regulate blood cholesterol levels and promotes satiety, which can contribute to weight management. Whole grains also contain essential nutrients such as magnesium and potassium, which have been shown to have blood pressure-lowering effects. By including cereals in the diet, particularly whole grain varieties, patients can improve their cardiovascular health and lower their risk of hypertension-related complications.

B. Citrus fruits: Citrus fruits, such as oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, are excellent sources of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, potassium, and fiber. Potassium is a crucial nutrient for regulating blood pressure as it helps balance sodium levels in the body. Additionally, the antioxidants found in citrus fruits may help reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function, further supporting cardiovascular health. Including citrus fruits in the diet can provide patients with essential nutrients while contributing to lower blood pressure levels and overall heart health.

C. Pork: Pork is not typically recommended in the DASH diet due to its high saturated fat and sodium content. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with increased cholesterol levels and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Additionally, processed pork products such as bacon and sausage often contain added sodium, which can contribute to fluid retention and elevated blood pressure. Therefore, it is advisable for patients with hypertension to limit their intake of pork and opt for leaner protein sources such as poultry, fish, beans, and legumes.

D. Whole milk: Whole milk is high in saturated fat, which is not recommended in the DASH diet for individuals with hypertension. Saturated fat can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries and hypertension-related complications such as heart disease and stroke. To promote heart health and lower blood pressure, patients are encouraged to choose low-fat or skim milk options, which provide essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D without the added saturated fat content.

E. Almonds: Almonds are a nutrient-dense food that can be beneficial for individuals with hypertension. They are rich in unsaturated fats, particularly monounsaturated fats, which have been associated with improved heart health and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Almonds also contain magnesium, potassium, and fiber, all of which play important roles in regulating blood pressure. Magnesium helps relax blood vessels, potassium helps counteract the effects of sodium, and fiber promotes satiety and digestive health. Including almonds in the diet as a source of healthy fats and nutrients can contribute to lower blood pressure and overall cardiovascular wellness.