The nurse is assessing a patient in a family practice clinic. The patient had extensive testing to rule out Hodgkin disease. Which of the following characteristics would indicate Hodgkin disease?

Results indicate the presence of Reed Sternberg cells

The patient is cyanotic

The patient is complaining of excessive thirst and hunger

Results indicate the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Results indicate the presence of Reed Sternberg cells: Reed-Sternberg cells are a defining characteristic of Hodgkin disease, a type of lymphoma. Their presence in biopsy samples confirms the diagnosis, distinguishing Hodgkin disease from other types of lymphomas and leukemias.

B. The patient is cyanotic: Cyanosis, or bluish skin discoloration due to low oxygen levels, is not a common sign of Hodgkin disease. It may occur in advanced disease due to respiratory compromise but is not a defining characteristic.

C. The patient is complaining of excessive thirst and hunger: Excessive thirst and hunger are more characteristic of diabetes mellitus, not Hodgkin disease. These symptoms are unrelated to the lymphatic involvement seen in Hodgkin disease.

D. Results indicate the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome: The Philadelphia chromosome is a genetic abnormality associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), not Hodgkin disease. Its presence suggests a different hematologic malignancy.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Aplastic anemia results from decreased bone marrow production of RBCs." Aplastic anemia is characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce adequate red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells, and platelets. This results in pancytopenia, which increases the risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding.

B. "Aplastic anemia is directly related to impaired liver function." Aplastic anemia is not related to liver function; it originates from the bone marrow’s inability to produce sufficient blood cells.

C. "Aplastic anemia is associated with the decreased intake of iron." Aplastic anemia is not caused by iron deficiency; it is primarily due to bone marrow failure. Iron deficiency anemia, on the other hand, results from a lack of iron intake or absorption.

D. "Aplastic anemia results in an increased rate of RBC destruction." Increased RBC destruction is characteristic of hemolytic anemia, not aplastic anemia.

A. Heat relaxes the muscles and distracts the patient from the pain. B. Sickle cell crisis pain can be exacerbated with shivering. C. Heat promotes proper formation of red blood cells (RBCs) and prevents sickling. D. Heat increases circulation by preventing vasoconstriction.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Heat relaxes the muscles and distracts the patient from the pain. While warmth can provide comfort, the main goal is to improve circulation rather than distraction.

B. Sickle cell crisis pain can be exacerbated with shivering. Although shivering may be uncomfortable, it is not the primary reason for using heat during a sickle cell crisis.

C. Heat promotes proper formation of red blood cells (RBCs) and prevents sickling. Heat does not affect RBC formation or prevent sickling. The condition of sickling is due to genetic factors, not temperature.

D. Heat increases circulation by preventing vasoconstriction. In sickle cell crisis, warmth helps prevent vasoconstriction, which can reduce blood flow to areas already compromised by sickled cells. Preventing vasoconstriction may help alleviate pain and improve circulation.

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The nurse is assessing a patient in a family practice clinic. The patient had extensive testing to rule out Hodgkin disease. Which of the following characteristics would indicate Hodgkin disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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Correct Answer is D

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