The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis and notes a positive Kernig sign. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

Pain in the neck when the patient flexes their head towards the chest

Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed

Photophobia and headache triggered by bright light

Pain and resistance when attempting to extend the patient's leg from a flexed position

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Pain in the neck when the patient flexes their head towards the chest. This describes nuchal rigidity, not Kernig sign.

B. Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed. This describes Brudzinski sign, not Kernig sign.

C. Photophobia and headache triggered by bright light. These are symptoms of meningitis, but they are not specific to Kernig sign.

D. Pain and resistance when attempting to extend the patient's leg from a flexed position. A positive Kernig sign is when there is pain and resistance to leg extension from a flexed hip and knee position, indicating meningeal irritation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Irritable bowel syndrome. IBS management typically involves dietary changes, fiber, and stress management, not antibiotics or clear liquids.

B. Chronic diverticulosis. Diverticulosis, when asymptomatic, does not require antibiotics. Treatment focuses on a high-fiber diet to prevent diverticulitis.

C. Complicated diverticulitis with abscess. Complicated diverticulitis may require IV antibiotics, hospitalization, or even surgical intervention if there are abscesses.

D. Uncomplicated diverticulitis. Uncomplicated diverticulitis, without abscess or perforation, is treated with oral antibiotics and a clear liquid diet for bowel rest.

A. Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion. Although lying down after eating can slow gastric emptying and help prevent dumping syndrome, it does not aid in digestion. B. Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal. High-carbohydrate foods are likely to worsen symptoms of dumping syndrome by causing rapid glucose absorption, which leads to a spike in insulin and subsequent hypoglycemia. C. Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion. Fluids should be taken between meals rather than with meals to avoid rapid gastric emptying and prevent dumping syndrome.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

B. Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion. Although lying down after eating can slow gastric emptying and help prevent dumping syndrome, it does not aid in digestion.

C. Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal. High-carbohydrate foods are likely to worsen symptoms of dumping syndrome by causing rapid glucose absorption, which leads to a spike in insulin and subsequent hypoglycemia.

D. Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion. Fluids should be taken between meals rather than with meals to avoid rapid gastric emptying and prevent dumping syndrome.

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The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis and notes a positive Kernig sign. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with diverticulitis is being treated with oral antibiotics and clear liquids for 2 to 3 days. The nurse recognizes that this treatment is appropriate for which of the following conditions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.

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