The nurse is assessing heart rate for children on the pediatric ward. What is a normal finding based on developmental age?

A. Pulse rate is increased.

While there may be variations in pulse rate due to factors such as activity level and emotional state, a significant increase in pulse rate would not be a typical finding during an annual check- up for an 8-year-old child.

B. Breathing is diaphragmatic.

As children grow older, their respiratory patterns mature, and they develop diaphragmatic breathing, which is deeper and more efficient than the shallow breathing observed in infants. This change would be expected as the child gets older.

C. Secondary sex characteristics are present.

The development of secondary sex characteristics typically occurs during puberty, which begins around the ages of 9 to 13 in girls and 10 to 14 in boys. At 8 years old, it would be unlikely for significant secondary sex characteristics to be present.

D. Blood pressure has reached adult level.

Blood pressure in children gradually increases with age, but it does not reach adult levels until adolescence. At 8 years old, the child's blood pressure would still be within the pediatric range and would not resemble adult levels.

A. Use quick deliberate gestures to get your point across.

Using quick gestures may intimidate or overwhelm the child, potentially hindering communication. It's essential to approach the child with patience and attentiveness.

B. Allow the child to control the pace and order of the health history.

Allowing the child to dictate the pace and sequence of the health history empowers them and helps build trust. It allows the child to express themselves comfortably and share relevant

information at their own pace.

C. Do not make physical contact with the child during the interview.

While respecting the child's personal space is important, appropriate physical contact, such as a reassuring touch or handshake, can help establish rapport and comfort during the interview.

D. Wear a white examination coat when conducting the interview.

Wearing a white coat may create a sense of formality and authority that could intimidate the child. Opting for attire that is approachable and friendly can help put the child at ease and facilitate open communication.