The nurse is performing an annual check-up for an 8-year-old child. Compared to the previous assessment of this child, which characteristic would most likely be observed?

Pulse rate is increased.

Breathing is diaphragmatic.

Secondary sex characteristics are present.

Blood pressure has reached adult level.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Pulse rate is increased.

While there may be variations in pulse rate due to factors such as activity level and emotional state, a significant increase in pulse rate would not be a typical finding during an annual check- up for an 8-year-old child.

B. Breathing is diaphragmatic.

As children grow older, their respiratory patterns mature, and they develop diaphragmatic breathing, which is deeper and more efficient than the shallow breathing observed in infants. This change would be expected as the child gets older.

C. Secondary sex characteristics are present.

The development of secondary sex characteristics typically occurs during puberty, which begins around the ages of 9 to 13 in girls and 10 to 14 in boys. At 8 years old, it would be unlikely for significant secondary sex characteristics to be present.

D. Blood pressure has reached adult level.

Blood pressure in children gradually increases with age, but it does not reach adult levels until adolescence. At 8 years old, the child's blood pressure would still be within the pediatric range and would not resemble adult levels.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Poisoning: While poisoning can be a significant concern among adolescents, it is not the

leading cause of death in this age group. Poisoning deaths may occur due to accidental ingestion of toxic substances or intentional overdose, but it is not as common as other causes of death

among adolescents.

B. Drowning: Drowning is a concern, especially during recreational activities such as swimming, but it is not the leading cause of death among adolescents. Proper water safety practices and supervision can help prevent drowning incidents.

C. Unintentional injuries: Unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle accidents, falls, and other accidents, are the leading cause of death among adolescents. Risk-taking behaviors, lack of experience, and peer influence contribute to the high rate of unintentional injuries in this age group.

D. Diseases: While diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disorders can affect adolescents, they are not the leading cause of death in this age group. Unintentional injuries,

including those resulting from accidents and trauma, are more common causes of death among adolescents.

A. A Jewish male B. A white male C. An African-American male D. An Asian female

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A Jewish male. While certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to hypertension, ethnicity or religious affiliation alone is not a direct risk factor for hypertension. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors and not solely on ethnicity or religion.

B. A white male. While hypertension can affect individuals of any race or ethnicity, it is less prevalent among white populations compared to African-American populations. However, hypertension can still occur in white males, especially if they have other risk factors such as obesity, family history, or unhealthy lifestyle habits.

C. An African-American male. African-American individuals, particularly males, have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Genetic predisposition, as well as socio-economic factors and healthcare disparities, contribute to this increased risk.

Therefore, it is important to screen African-American males for hypertension, starting from adolescence, to ensure early detection and management.

D. An Asian female. While hypertension can affect individuals of Asian descent, the prevalence is generally lower compared to other racial and ethnic groups such as African-Americans. However, certain subgroups within the Asian population, such as South Asians, may have higher rates of hypertension due to genetic and lifestyle factors. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors rather than broad racial or ethnic categories.

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