The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of emphysema of five years. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see during the morning assessment? (Select all that apply)

Barrel chest

Edema

Productive cough

Dyspnea

Clubbed fingers

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A reason: Barrel chest develops in emphysema from chronic air trapping, overexpanding lungs and flattening the diaphragm, altering thoracic shape over years.

Choice B reason: Edema relates to right heart failure from cor pulmonale, a late emphysema complication, not a direct or universal finding after five years.

Choice C reason: Productive cough is typical in chronic bronchitis, not emphysema, which features alveolar destruction and minimal mucus, leading to dry cough instead.

Choice D reason: Dyspnea in emphysema results from alveolar loss reducing oxygen exchange, forcing compensatory rapid breathing, a core symptom even after five years.

Choice E reason: Clubbed fingers occur in chronic hypoxia from emphysema, as poor oxygenation over years triggers nail bed angiogenesis, a common late finding.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Untreated hypothyroidism progresses to myxedema, a severe state with slowed metabolism causing fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, and hair loss from low thyroid hormone.

Choice B reason: Hypocalcemia results from hypoparathyroidism, not hypothyroidism, which affects metabolism, not calcium regulation directly, so it’s unrelated to these symptoms.

Choice C reason: Pericarditis may occur in severe hypothyroidism late, but it’s not the primary complication; myxedema encompasses the broader metabolic decline seen here.

Choice D reason: Thyroid crisis (storm) is a hyperthyroid emergency with fever and tachycardia, opposite to hypothyroidism’s slow symptoms like coldness and fatigue.

A. Chest pain while at rest B. A complete occlusion of the coronary artery C. Chest pain upon exertion that resolves with rest D. A partial occlusion of the coronary artery

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: NSTEMI causes chest pain at rest due to reduced blood flow from partial occlusion, unlike stable angina, reflecting demand-supply mismatch without full blockage.

Choice B reason: Complete occlusion causes ST-elevation MI (STEMI), not NSTEMI, which involves partial blockage, leading to subendocardial ischemia without full transmural infarction.

Choice C reason: Chest pain on exertion resolving with rest describes stable angina, not NSTEMI, which occurs unpredictably, often at rest, due to unstable plaque rupture.

Choice D reason: NSTEMI results from partial coronary occlusion, causing ischemia without ST elevation, detectable by troponin rise, distinguishing it from STEMI’s complete blockage.

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The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of emphysema of five years. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see during the morning assessment? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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