The nurse is caring for a newborn with a Ventricular-Septal Defect (VSD). The nurse should recognize that the signs and symptoms of this defect are? (Select All That Apply.)

Swelling in all extremities.

Frequent lung infections.

Standard weight and growth percentile.

Dyspnea.

Heart murmur.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A.   Swelling in all extremities is not typically a symptom of VSD; it may indicate a different cardiac or renal issue.
B.   Frequent lung infections are common in children with VSD due to pulmonary congestion.
C.   Standard weight and growth percentile is not typical for VSD, as the child may experience failure to thrive.
D.   Dyspnea occurs due to increased blood flow to the lungs and pulmonary congestion.
E.   A heart murmur is a hallmark of VSD, heard due to the abnormal flow of blood through the septal defect.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Increased somnolence or lethargy is a common sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants.
B. Increased heart rate may initially occur but can later slow down as intracranial pressure rises, leading to bradycardia.
C. Depressed fontanels are indicative of dehydration, not increased intracranial pressure. Bulging fontanels are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure.
D. Brisk pupillary reaction to light is normal; a sluggish or absent reaction could indicate increased intracranial pressure.

A. "All recently used clothing, bedding, and towels must be washed in warm water." B. "Toys that can't be dry cleaned or washed must be thrown out." C. "I will treat all the family members to be on the safe side." D. “We need to comb through our child's hair with a fine-toothed comb to remove the dead lice and nits after using the medicated shampoo."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This is also correct, but the focus of the question is on the treatment of the child's hair itself.
B. Non-washable toys should be bagged for 2 weeks, not thrown out.
C. While treating all family members is common, only those with active infestations need treatment.
D. This is the correct action after using a medicated shampoo for lice treatment. A fine-toothed comb should be used to remove lice and nits (eggs) from the child's hair.

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The nurse is caring for a newborn with a Ventricular-Septal Defect (VSD). The nurse should recognize that the signs and symptoms of this defect are? (Select All That Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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