The nurse is caring for a newborn with a Ventricular-Septal Defect (VSD). The nurse should recognize that the signs and symptoms of this defect are? (Select All That Apply.)

Swelling in all extremities.

Frequent lung infections.

Standard weight and growth percentile.

Dyspnea.

Heart murmur.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A.   Swelling in all extremities is not typically a symptom of VSD; it may indicate a different cardiac or renal issue.
B.   Frequent lung infections are common in children with VSD due to pulmonary congestion.
C.   Standard weight and growth percentile is not typical for VSD, as the child may experience failure to thrive.
D.   Dyspnea occurs due to increased blood flow to the lungs and pulmonary congestion.
E.   A heart murmur is a hallmark of VSD, heard due to the abnormal flow of blood through the septal defect.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Oliguria (decreased urine output) may be a sign of dehydration or kidney dysfunction but is not typically the primary symptom of a CNS infection.
B. A negative Kernig's sign (no resistance to leg extension) is a reassuring sign and suggests that meningitis or other CNS infections are less likely. A positive sign would suggest possible meningitis.
C. Bulging of the fontanel is a sign of increased intracranial pressure, which can occur in CNS infections such as meningitis. This is a critical finding that requires immediate attention.
D. A negative Brudzinski sign means there is no neck stiffness or pain when the neck is flexed, which is a good finding. A positive sign would suggest the presence of meningitis.

A. Computed tomography scan (CT scan) B. Electroencephalogram (EEG) C. Analysis of Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) D. Blood Culture & Sensitivity (C&S)

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A CT scan is not typically used to assess febrile seizures or to diagnose meningitis in this context. CSF analysis is more relevant.
B. While an EEG could be helpful for diagnosing seizures, it is not the priority in this case where an infection (meningitis) is suspected.
C. As mentioned in question 36, CSF analysis is essential in diagnosing meningitis, especially in infants presenting with seizures and fever. The nurse would anticipate this as the most appropriate diagnostic test to confirm meningitis or other CNS infections.
D. Blood cultures are helpful for identifying systemic infection but are not the first step in diagnosing meningitis, where CSF analysis is more specific.

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The nurse is caring for a newborn with a Ventricular-Septal Defect (VSD). The nurse should recognize that the signs and symptoms of this defect are? (Select All That Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a five-month-old Infant. The nurse should recognize that which of the following manifestations is associated with a central nervous system (CNS) Infection?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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