The nurse is caring for a patient and is focusing on modifiable factors that contribute to pain. Which areas does the nurse focus on with this patient?

Culture and ethnicity.

Previous pain experiences and cognitive abilities.

Age and gender.

Anxiety and fear.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Culture and ethnicity influence pain perception but are not easily modifiable. They shape attitudes toward pain expression, not pain itself. Focusing on these risks overlooking modifiable factors like anxiety, which directly amplify pain. Interventions targeting modifiable psychological factors are more effective in reducing pain intensity and improving patient coping strategies.

Choice B reason: Previous pain experiences and cognitive abilities are relatively fixed, shaping pain perception but not easily altered. Modifiable factors like anxiety have a greater immediate impact on pain. Focusing on these risks delaying interventions like relaxation techniques, which directly reduce pain amplification, improving outcomes in acute or chronic pain management.

Choice C reason: Age and gender are non-modifiable factors influencing pain sensitivity but not amenable to change. Anxiety and fear, which exacerbate pain through stress responses, are modifiable and more relevant for intervention. Prioritizing age or gender misdirects focus, delaying strategies like cognitive therapy that effectively mitigate pain in clinical settings.

Choice D reason: Anxiety and fear are modifiable factors that amplify pain via heightened stress responses, increasing muscle tension and pain perception. Interventions like relaxation, mindfulness, or counseling can reduce these, lowering pain intensity. Focusing on these targets psychological contributors, improving pain management and patient comfort, especially in acute or chronic pain scenarios.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Health promotion involves teaching lifestyle changes, not physical touch or emotional support, as seen here. Presence focuses on being with the patient empathetically. Assuming health promotion misaligns with the action, risking neglect of the patient’s emotional and spiritual needs, critical for comfort in terminal illness care settings.

Choice B reason: Offering transcendence involves fostering spiritual meaning, not physical touch or presence. The nurse’s hand-touching establishes emotional connection, not existential exploration. Assuming transcendence overlooks the relational aspect of presence, potentially missing the patient’s immediate need for comfort and connection in the context of terminal illness care.

Choice C reason: Establishing presence involves being physically and emotionally available, as shown by sitting and touching the patient’s hand. This empathetic connection, rooted in Watson’s caring theory, fosters comfort and trust, critical for terminally ill patients. Presence supports emotional well-being, ensuring holistic care and dignity in end-of-life situations.

Choice D reason: Doing for involves performing tasks like bathing, not emotional support through touch. The nurse’s action establishes presence, not task-oriented care. Assuming doing for risks misinterpreting the action, potentially neglecting the patient’s need for empathetic connection, essential for psychological comfort in terminal illness care.

A. Ego defense model B. Immunity model C. Pender’s Health Promotion Model D. Neuman Systems Model

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: The ego defense model, rooted in psychoanalytic theory, describes psychological mechanisms (e.g., denial) to cope with stress, not a normal line of defense for health. It focuses on mental protection, not holistic wellness, making it unrelated to the nursing theory described with a line of defense.

Choice B reason: The immunity model is not a recognized nursing theory. While immunity relates to biological defense, it does not encompass a “normal line of defense” for person, family, or community health. This choice is incorrect, as it lacks the holistic framework described in the question.

Choice C reason: Pender’s Health Promotion Model focuses on behaviors to enhance health but does not use the concept of a normal line of defense. It emphasizes individual motivation and barriers, not systemic protection against stressors, making it an incorrect match for the described nursing theory.

Choice D reason: The Neuman Systems Model views individuals, families, or communities as systems with a normal line of defense, a protective barrier against stressors. This holistic theory emphasizes maintaining stability through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, aligning with the described concept, making it the correct theory.

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The nurse is caring for a patient and is focusing on modifiable factors that contribute to pain. Which areas does the nurse focus on with this patient?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse caring for a terminally ill patient sits down and lightly touches the patient’s hand. Which technique is the nurse using?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching the staff about a nursing theory that views a person, family, or community developing a normal line of defense. Which theory is the nurse describing?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which action indicates the nurse is meeting a primary goal of culturally competent care for marginalized patients?

The nurse is caring for a patient and is focusing on modifiable factors that contribute to pain. Which areas does the nurse focus on with this patient?

A nurse is caring for a patient in the last stages of dying. Which finding indicates the nurse needs to prepare the family for death?

In caring for the patient’s spiritual needs, the nurse asks 20 questions to assess the patient’s relationship with God and a sense of life purpose and satisfaction. Which method is the nurse using?

The nurse is caring for a patient in the intensive care unit who is having trouble sleeping. The nurse explains the purpose of sleep and its benefits. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply)

Which nursing observation of the patient in intensive care indicates the patient is sleeping comfortably during NREM sleep?

A nurse is using Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competency. Which areas will the nurse focus on to become competent? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is called into the supervisor’s office regarding deteriorating work performance since the loss of a spouse 2 years ago. The nurse begins sobbing and says, “I’m falling apart at home as well.” Which type of grief is the nurse experiencing?